AMUSE字段II。场与星系团环境中早型星系的成核
AMUSE-Field II. Nucleation of early-type galaxies in the field vs. cluster environment
摘要：
已知附近早期型星系的光学光剖面随着星系质量的减小而呈现出从核光不足到核光过剩的平滑过渡，其中80%的恒星质量低于10^10 Msun的星系拥有一个巨大的核星团。与此同时，虽然所有的大质量星系都被认为拥有核超大质量黑洞（SMBH），但在质量函数的低端，SMBH的观测证据是微不足道的。在这里，我们探索的成核分数的环境依赖性，通过比较两个均匀的样品附近的字段与集群早期类型的星系均匀哈勃太空望远镜（HST）的覆盖范围。现有的钱德拉X射线望远镜的数据，这两个样本产生的补充信息，低水平吸积到核SMBHs。具体来说，我们报告的双波段（F475 W和F850 LP）先进的相机巡天（ACS）的成像数据的103场早期类型的星系组成的AMUSE-场钱德拉调查，并比较我们的结果与同伴的HST和钱德拉调查的样本100室女星系团早期类型（ACS室女星系团和AMUSE-处女座调查，分别）。我们对场靶的二维光分布进行建模以识别和表征NSC，并发现场成核分数为26%（+17%，-11%;在1-sigma水平），与测量的Virgo成核分数30%（+17%，-12%）一致，跨越可比较的质量分布。再加上钱德拉的结果，SMBH的活动是较高的领域，我们的研究结果表明，自恒星形成的最后一个时代，气体的核区域的funnings已被抑制更有效地为室女座星系，可以说是通过冲压压力剥离。
英文摘要：
The optical light profiles of nearby early type galaxies are known to exhibit a smooth transition from nuclear light deficits to nuclear light excesses with decreasing galaxy mass, with as much as 80 per cent of the galaxies with stellar masses below 10^10 Msun hosting a massive nuclear star cluster. At the same time, while all massive galaxies are thought to harbor nuclear super-massive black holes (SMBHs), observational evidence for SMBHs is slim at the low end of the mass function. Here, we explore the environmental dependence of the nucleation fraction by comparing two homogeneous samples of nearby field vs. cluster early type galaxies with uniform Hubble Space Telescope (HST) coverage. Existing Chandra X-ray Telescope data for both samples yield complementary information on low-level accretion onto nuclear SMBHs. Specifically, we report on dual-band (F475W & F850LP) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging data for 28 out of the 103 field early type galaxies that compose the AMUSE-Field Chandra survey, and compare our results against the companion HST and Chandra surveys for a sample of 100 Virgo cluster early types (ACS Virgo Cluster and AMUSE-Virgo surveys, respectively). We model the two-dimensional light profiles of the field targets to identify and characterize NSCs, and find a field nucleation fraction of 26% (+17%, -11%; at the 1-sigma level), consistent with the measured Virgo nucleation fraction of 30% (+17%, -12%), across a comparable mass distribution. Coupled with the Chandra result that SMBH activity is higher for the field, our findings indicate that, since the last epoch of star formation, the funneling of gas to the nuclear regions has been inhibited more effectively for Virgo galaxies, arguably via ram pressure stripping.
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