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arXiv 1405.7693quant-ph
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量子力学的几何表述

Geometrical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics

S. R. Vatsya

摘要:

汉密尔顿的作用量原理是制定和推广符合规范变换的基础外尔几何。扩展的原理描述了无限多个相同可能的轨迹,一个粒子沿着随机选择的轨迹运动。现有的类似公式不像本公式那样直接符合规范变换。此外,他们没有太多的注意路径无关,指定的量规。在这里,通过根据观测系统的配置和与被观测系统的相互作用来定义这些测量仪,可以利用分配这些测量仪的自由度。观察方法对其结果的影响被描述在如此定义的指定仪表方面,并举例说明。波函数在单连通区域中定义为所有轨线上的规范变换的集合;等价地,定义为从各处沿所有轨线传输的单位矢量所获得的外尔长度的集合。这种表示法类似于费曼的路径积分表示法,不同之处仅在于它包含了指定的测量器,产生了调整后的波函数,其中包括观测系统对观测系统的影响。概率密度被证明是一个唯一定义的规范不变量,但在代价的信息中所包含的规范因子,分配和其他可观察到的影响。因此,这里定义的粒子轨迹提供了比波函数和概率密度所提供的更重要的系统信息。目前的描述的影响,其结果的观察方法进行了比较的描述,根据现有的主要表示的量子力学。

英文摘要:

Hamilton's action principle is formulated and extended in conformity with the gauge transformations underlying Weyl's geometry. The extended principle characterizes infinitely many equally likely trajectories with a particle traveling along a randomly selected one. Available similar formulations do not conform as directly to the gauge transformations as the present one. Also, they have not paid much attention to the path-independent, assigned gauges. The freedom available in assigning these gauges is exploited here by defining them in terms of the configuration, and interactions of the observing system with the observed one. Impact of the method of observation on its outcome is described in terms of the assigned gauges so defined and illustrated with examples. A wavefunction is defined in a simply connected region essentially as an aggregate of the gauge transformations over all trajectories; equivalently, an aggregate of the Weyl-lengths acquired by a unit vector transported along all trajectories from everywhere. This representation is similar to Feynman's path integral representation differing only in that it incorporates the assigned gauges yielding an adjusted wavefunction that includes the impact of an observing system on the observed one. Probability density is shown to be a uniquely defined gauge invariant quantity but at the expense of the information about the observable effects contained in the gauge factors, assigned and otherwise. The particle trajectories defined here are thus shown to provide additional significant information about a system than provided by the wavefunction together with the probability density. Present description of the impact of method of observation on its outcome is compared with the descriptions according to the existing major representations of quantum mechanics.

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