发动机最大功率效率、熵产生和平衡热力学
Engine efficiency at maximum power, entropy production and equilibrium thermodynamics
摘要：
卡诺热机为实际热机的效率设定了上限。一个任意的不可逆发动机有时被认为与Curzon-Ahlborn发动机的性能非常接近。后者的效率通常是通过在非均衡框架下调用最大功率原理来获得的。我们在这里概述了两个合理的路线内的经典热力学领域达到相同的表达式。对现有实际发动机性能的进一步研究表明，一个更简单的近似公式在效率的界限方面工作得更好。在实际的源和汇之间放置一个中间温度的水库会导致一些有趣的额外观察。
英文摘要：
The Carnot engine sets an upper limit to the efficiency of a practical heat engine. An arbitrary irreversible engine is sometimes believed to behave closely as the Curzon-Ahlborn engine. Efficiency of the latter is obtained commonly by invoking the maximum power principle in a non-equilibrium framework. We outline here two plausible routes within the domain of classical thermodynamics to arrive at the same expression. Further studies on the performances of available practical engines reveal that a simpler approximate formula works much better in respect of bounds to the efficiency. Putting an intermediate-temperature reservoir between the actual source and the sink leads to a few interesting extra observations.
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