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arXiv 1402.5340astro-ph.SR
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2011年2月12-17日耀斑期间活动区11158的磁场:光球外推和日冕前向拟合方法的差异

The Magnetic Field of Active Region 11158 During the 2011 February 12-17 Flares : Differences between Photospheric Extrapolation and Coronal Forward-Fitting Methods

Markus J. Aschwanden, Xudong Sun, Yang Liu

摘要:

我们开发了一个{ \sl冠状非线性无力场(COR-NLFFF)}前向拟合代码,该代码将近似的{ \sl非线性无力场(NLFFF)}解拟合到自动跟踪冠状环的观察几何形状。与光球NLFFF程序从横向光球场的约束条件计算磁场解不同,新程序使用日冕约束条件,这种方式提供了关于每种磁场计算方法的系统误差以及低色球层非力自由度的重要信息。在这项研究中,我们使用COR-NLFFF代码NOAA 11158活动区,在2011年2月12日至17日的时间间隔,其中包括一个X2.2 GOES级耀斑和35 M和C级耀斑。我们计算了5天内6分钟的自由磁能。我们发现两种类型的代码之间的总非潜在的$E_N$和潜在的能量$E_P$的协议,但发现高达4倍的差异的自由能$E_{free}=E_N-E_P$,并高达10倍的差异的自由能$ΔE_{free}$的减少在耀斑。日冕NLFFF代码表现出更大的时间变化,并产生自由能的减少,在耀斑,足以满足耀斑的能量预算,而光球NLFFF代码显示少得多的时间变化和一个数量级的自由能减少耀斑期间。这种差异可能部分是由于光球矢量数据的预处理,但更可能是由于低色球层的非力自由度。我们的结论是,不能正确地计算出的日冕领域的光球数据的基础上,单独的,但需要额外的信息冠环的几何形状。

英文摘要:

We developed a {\sl coronal non-linear force-free field (COR-NLFFF)} forward-fitting code that fits an approximate {\sl non-linear force-free field (NLFFF)} solution to the observed geometry of automatically traced coronal loops. In contrast to photospheric NLFFF codes, which calculate a magnetic field solution from the constraints of the transverse photospheric field, this new code uses coronal constraints instead, and this way provides important information on systematic errors of each magnetic field calculation method, as well as on the non-forcefreeness in the lower chromosphere. In this study we applied the COR-NLFFF code to active region NOAA 11158, during the time interval of 2011 Feb 12 to 17, which includes an X2.2 GOES-class flare plus 35 M and C-class flares. We calcuated the free magnetic energy with a 6-minute cadence over 5 days. We find good agreement between the two types of codes for the total nonpotential $E_N$ and potential energy $E_P$, but find up to a factor of 4 discrepancy in the free energy $E_{free}=E_N-E_P$, and up to a factor of 10 discrepancy in the decrease of the free energy $ΔE_{free}$ during flares. The coronal NLFFF code exhibits a larger time variability, and yields a decrease of free energy during the flare that is sufficient to satisfy the flare energy budget, while the photospheric NLFFF code shows much less time variability and an order of magnitude less free energy decrease during flares. The discrepancy may partly be due to the pre-processing of photospheric vector data, but more likely due to the non-forcefreeness in the lower chromosphere. We conclude that the coronal field cannot be correctly calculated based on photospheric data alone, but requires additional information on coronal loop geometries.

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