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arXiv 1402.2932quant-ph
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利用旋转不变的扭曲光子实现自由空间量子密钥分发

Free-space quantum key distribution by rotation-invariant twisted photons

Giuseppe Vallone, Vincenzo D'Ambrosio, Anna Sponselli, Sergei Slussarenko, Lorenzo Marrucci, Fabio Sciarrino, Paolo Villoresi

摘要:

扭曲光子是携带明确定义的非零轨道角动量(OAM)值的光子。相关的光波表现出波前的螺旋形状(因此得名)和光束轴处的光学涡旋。光的OAM因其在光子应用中的潜力而吸引了越来越多的兴趣,这些应用包括粒子操纵、显微镜和纳米技术、量子力学的基础测试、经典数据复用和量子通信。然而,迄今为止,用光学OAM获得的所有结果仅限于实验室规模。在这里,我们报告了一个实验演示的自由空间量子通信与OAM操作超过210米的距离。我们的方法利用OAM结合光学偏振的旋转不变的光子态的信息进行编码,从而保证从发送和接收单元的本地参考系的通信完全独立。特别是,我们实现了量子密钥分发(QKD),一个协议,利用量子力学的特点,以保证无条件的安全密码通信,表现出的错误率性能,完全符合现实世界的应用需求。我们的研究结果将之前基于OAM的量子通信的成就在链路规模上扩展了两个数量级以上,为实现全球量子网络的愿景迈出了重要的一步。

英文摘要:

Twisted photons are photons carrying a well-defined nonzero value of orbital angular momentum (OAM). The associated optical wave exhibits a helical shape of the wavefront (hence the name) and an optical vortex at the beam axis. The OAM of light is attracting a growing interest for its potential in photonic applications ranging from particle manipulation, microscopy and nanotechnologies, to fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, classical data multiplexing and quantum communication. Hitherto, however, all results obtained with optical OAM were limited to laboratory scale. Here we report the experimental demonstration of a link for free-space quantum communication with OAM operating over a distance of 210 meters. Our method exploits OAM in combination with optical polarization to encode the information in rotation-invariant photonic states, so as to guarantee full independence of the communication from the local reference frames of the transmitting and receiving units. In particular, we implement quantum key distribution (QKD), a protocol exploiting the features of quantum mechanics to guarantee unconditional security in cryptographic communication, demonstrating error-rate performances that are fully compatible with real-world application requirements. Our results extend previous achievements of OAM-based quantum communication by over two orders of magnitudes in the link scale, providing an important step forward in achieving the vision of a worldwide quantum network.

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