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arXiv 1402.0567cs.GT
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博弈论网络中心度Shapley值的有效计算

Efficient Computation of the Shapley Value for Game-Theoretic Network Centrality

Tomasz Pawel Michalak, Karthik V Aadithya, Piotr L. Szczepanski, Balaraman Ravindran, Nicholas R. Jennings

摘要:

Shapley值-可能是联盟博弈中最重要的规范性收益划分方案-最近被提倡作为网络中心性的有用度量。然而,尽管这种方法有各种现实世界的应用(包括社会和组织网络,生物网络和通信网络),其计算特性尚未得到广泛研究。迄今为止,计算基于Shapley值的中心性的唯一可行方法是通过Monte Carlo模拟,其计算成本高,并且不能保证给出精确的答案。在此背景下,本文提出了第一次研究的计算方面的Shapley值的网络中心。具体来说,我们开发了基于Shapley值的加权和未加权网络的中心性的精确分析公式,并开发了基于它们的高效(多项式时间)和精确算法。我们经验评估这些算法在两个现实生活中的例子(基础设施网络代表的拓扑结构的西部国家电网和天体物理学领域的合作网络),并证明他们提供显着的蒙特卡洛方法的加速。例如,在未加权网络的情况下,我们的算法能够比Monte Carlo近似快1600倍地返回精确解,即使我们允许后一种方法有10%的误差。

英文摘要:

The Shapley value---probably the most important normative payoff division scheme in coalitional games---has recently been advocated as a useful measure of centrality in networks. However, although this approach has a variety of real-world applications (including social and organisational networks, biological networks and communication networks), its computational properties have not been widely studied. To date, the only practicable approach to compute Shapley value-based centrality has been via Monte Carlo simulations which are computationally expensive and not guaranteed to give an exact answer. Against this background, this paper presents the first study of the computational aspects of the Shapley value for network centralities. Specifically, we develop exact analytical formulae for Shapley value-based centrality in both weighted and unweighted networks and develop efficient (polynomial time) and exact algorithms based on them. We empirically evaluate these algorithms on two real-life examples (an infrastructure network representing the topology of the Western States Power Grid and a collaboration network from the field of astrophysics) and demonstrate that they deliver significant speedups over the Monte Carlo approach. For instance, in the case of unweighted networks our algorithms are able to return the exact solution about 1600 times faster than the Monte Carlo approximation, even if we allow for a generous 10% error margin for the latter method.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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