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arXiv 1402.0435cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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DFT +U模型对钙钛矿氧化物中空穴极化子建模的有效性

Efficacy of the DFT+U formalism for modeling hole polarons in perovskite oxides

Paul Erhart, Andreas Klein, Daniel Åberg, Babak Sadigh

摘要:

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)结合局域势和杂化泛函方法研究了三种典型钙钛矿(SrTiO 3,BaTiO 3,PbTiO 3)中自陷空穴(STH)的形成.首先,我们构建了一个本地的校正电位极化配置SrTiO 3的应用通过DFT+U方法和混合计算相匹配的力量。然后,我们使用DFT+U势搜索配置空间,并找到最低能量的STH配置。结果表明,DFT+U势和混合泛函都产生了总能量对STH能级占据的分段线性依赖关系,这表明自相互作用效应已被适当去除。DFT+U模型被发现是可转移到钛酸钡和PbTiO 3,形成能DFT+U和混合计算是在所有三种材料的密切协议。STH的形成被认为是积极有利的SrTiO 3和BaTiO 3,但不是在PbTiO 3,这可以合理化,通过考虑对齐的价带边缘上的绝对能量尺度。在PbTiO 3的情况下,Pb 6s和O 2p状态之间的强耦合与SrTiO 3和BaTiO 3相比提升了价带最小值(VBM)。这减少了VBM和STH能级之间的分离,并使STH构型相对于离域(带空穴态)亚稳。我们期望,本方法可以适用于研究STH形成也具有不同的晶体结构和化学组成的氧化物。

英文摘要:

We investigate the formation of self-trapped holes (STH) in three prototypical perovskites (SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3) using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations with local potentials and hybrid functionals. First we construct a local correction potential for polaronic configurations in SrTiO3 that is applied via the DFT+U method and matches the forces from hybrid calculations. We then use the DFT+U potential to search the configuration space and locate the lowest energy STH configuration. It is demonstrated that both the DFT+U potential and the hybrid functional yield a piece-wise linear dependence of the total energy on the occupation of the STH level suggesting that self-interaction effects have been properly removed. The DFT+U model is found to be transferable to BaTiO3 and PbTiO3, and formation energies from DFT+U and hybrid calculations are in close agreement for all three materials. STH formation is found to be energetically favorable in SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 but not in PbTiO3, which can be rationalized by considering the alignment of the valence band edges on an absolute energy scale. In the case of PbTiO3 the strong coupling between Pb 6s and O 2p states lifts the valence band minimum (VBM) compared to SrTiO3 and BaTiO3. This reduces the separation between VBM and STH level and renders the STH configuration metastable with respect to delocalization (band hole state). We expect that the present approach can be adapted to study STH formation also oxides with different crystal structures and chemical composition.

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