基于资源的互惠关系中的数值响应：时间尺度方法
Numerical responses in resource-based mutualisms: a time scale approach
摘要：
在互惠关系中，资源交换资源，或资源交换服务，与生产和利用资源的生物体的生命相比，资源通常是短暂的。这一事实允许时间尺度的分离，通过这种分离，一个物种相对于另一个物种的丰度的数值响应可以机械地推导出来。这些反应可以解释种内竞争，由于互利主义者提供的资源的分区，以这种方式连接竞争理论和互利主义在微观层面。对于提供资源但期望得到服务（例如授粉、种子传播）而不是食物或营养的物种，也可能得出饱和反应。在这两种情况下，竞争和饱和都有相同的根本原因，即提供资源的物种以有限的速度产生资源，但由于互利共生的增长速度加快，资源的消耗速度要快得多。由此产生的模型可以显示所有的基本功能，看到在许多模型的兼性和专性互惠，他们可以推广到更大的社区从物种对。数值响应的参数可以与原则上可以测量的量相关，并且可以通过权衡来相关，这对于研究互利主义的演变是有用的。摘要关键词：互惠，资源，服务，稳态，功能和数值响应
英文摘要：
In mutualisms where there is exchange of resources for resources, or resources for services, the resources are typically short lived compared with the lives of the organisms that produce and make use of them. This fact allows a separation of time scales, by which the numerical response of one species with respect to the abundance of another can be derived mechanistically. These responses can account for intra-specific competition, due to the partition of the resources provided by mutualists, in this way connecting competition theory and mutualism at a microscopic level. It is also possible to derive saturating responses in the case of species that provide resources but expect a service in return (e.g. pollination, seed dispersal) instead of food or nutrients. In both situations, competition and saturation have the same underlying cause, which is that the generation of resources occur at a finite velocity per individual of the providing species, but their depletion happens much faster due to the acceleration in growth rates that characterizes mutualism. The resulting models can display all the basic features seen in many models of facultative and obligate mutualisms, and they can be generalized from species pairs to larger communities. The parameters of the numerical responses can be related with quantities that can be in principle measured, and that can be related by trade-offs, which can be useful for studying the evolution of mutualisms. Abstract Keywords: mutualism, resources, services, steady-state, functional and numerical response
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