一种普适的生态位几何结构支配生态系统对环境扰动的响应
A universal niche geometry governs the response of ecosystems to environmental perturbations
AI总结：
本文提出一种基于几何变换的普适理论框架，将广义消费者-资源模型中的环境扰动映射为生态位结构变化，并证明仅凭物种响应难以区分合作与竞争相互作用。
摘要：
生态系统如何响应环境扰动是生态学中的一个基本问题，由于物种与其环境之间存在强耦合，这一问题尤其具有挑战性。在此，我们引入一个理论框架，用于计算广义消费者-资源模型中生态系统对环境扰动的稳态响应。我们的构造适用于广泛的系统类别，包括具有非互易相互作用、交叉喂养以及非线性生长/消耗速率的模型。在我们的框架内，所有生态变量被嵌入四个不同的向量空间中，生态相互作用由这些空间之间的几何变换表示。我们证明，在稳态附近，这种几何变换直接将环境扰动——包括资源可用性和死亡率的变化——映射为生态位结构的移动。我们在多种情境中阐释这些思想，包括一个细菌反硝化中pH诱导毒性的最小模型。最后，我们讨论该框架的生物学意义。特别地，我们表明，通过测量物种对外部扰动的响应来区分合作与竞争相互作用是极其困难的。
英文摘要：
How ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations is a fundamental question in ecology, made especially challenging due to the strong coupling between species and their environment. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for calculating the steady-state response of ecosystems to environmental perturbations in generalized consumer-resource. Our construction is applicable to a wide class of systems, including models with non-reciprocal interactions, cross-feeding, and non-linear growth/consumption rates. Within our framework, all ecological variables are embedded into four distinct vector spaces and ecological interactions are represented by geometric transformations between these spaces. We show that near a steady state, such geometric transformations directly map environmental perturbations - in resource availability and mortality rates - to shifts in niche structure. We illustrate these ideas in a variety of settings including a minimal model for pH-induced toxicity in bacterial denitrification. We end by discussing the biological implications of our framework. In particular, we show that it is extremely difficult to distinguish cooperative and competitive interactions by measuring species' responses to external perturbations.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
