植物克隆形态和空间格局对资源有限环境的自组织响应
Plant clonal morphologies and spatial patterns as self-organized responses to resource-limited environments
摘要：
在这里，我们建议解释和模拟特殊的植物形态（垫子，草丛）在安第斯高原观察到的局部结构。这样的结构导致一个补丁，非周期性方面的植被覆盖假设自组织由于之间的相互作用发生在生物学上称为“分株”的基本植物成分的规模的促进和竞争过程。（分株通常是克隆起源的。）为了验证这一解释，我们采用了一个简单的，相当通用的模型（一个积分微分方程），强调通过高斯内核非本地的促进和竞争性反馈的植被生物量密度对自己的动态。我们表明，在现实的假设和参数值有关的分株尺度，该模型可以重现一些宏观特征的观测系统的补丁和预测值的补丁间的距离，匹配的距离在参考区（Sajama国家公园在玻利维亚）。该模型的预测可以面对在未来的数据沿环境梯度的植被格局，以预测全球变化对那些植被系统经历约束环境条件的可能影响。
英文摘要：
We propose here to interpret and model peculiar plant morphologies (cushions, tussocks) observed in the Andean altiplano as localized structures. Such structures resulting in a patchy, aperiodic aspect of the vegetation cover are hypothesized to self-organize thanks to the interplay between facilitation and competition processes occurring at the scale of basic plant components biologically referred to as 'ramets'. (Ramets are often of clonal origin.) To verify this interpretation, we applied a simple, fairly generic model (one integro-differential equation) emphasizing via Gaussian kernels non-local facilitative and competitive feedbacks of the vegetation biomass density on its own dynamics. We show that under realistic assumptions and parameter values relating to ramet scale, the model can reproduce some macroscopic features of the observed systems of patches and predict values for the inter-patch distance that match the distances encountered in the reference area (Sajama National Park in Bolivia). Prediction of the model can be confronted in the future to data on vegetation patterns along environmental gradients as to anticipate the possible effect of global change on those vegetation systems experiencing constraining environmental conditions.
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