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arXiv 1312.0635astro-ph.GA
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分子云中的团簇形成:I.恒星星族、恒星形成率和电离辐射

Cluster formation in molecular clouds: I. stellar populations, star formation rates, and ionizing radiation

Corey S. Howard, Ralph E. Pudritz, William E. Harris

摘要:

我们提出了一个适合于辐射反馈流体动力学模拟的恒星形成过程中的星团辐射输出模型。在密度超过10^4 cm^-3的区域中,气体团通过Chabrier IMF的随机采样转化为恒星。恒星形成效率控制着恒星形成的速度。我们已经完成了一系列模拟,模拟了初始质量从0到10^5 M_sol,吸积速率从10^-5到10^-1 M_sol/yr^-1的吸积团块的演化过程。随着时间的推移,恒星的含量被跟踪,从而可以确定总光度,电离光子率,恒星数量和恒星形成率(SFR)。对于一个10^4 M_sol的基准团,其光度约为4 × 10^6 L_sol,SFR约为3 × 10 ^-3 M_sol/yr^-1。我们在我们的模型中确定了两个政权。吸积为主的政权获得其气体的大部分通过吸积,其特征在于由一个增加的SFR,而吸积为主的政权有其质量的大部分存在于初始块与减少的SFR。我们表明,我们的模型可以重现预期数量的O型星,占主导地位的辐射输出的集群。我们发现SFR和质量之间的观测中看到的一个接近线性的关系。我们的结论是,我们的模型是一个准确的和直接的方式来表示在流体动力学模拟与辐射反馈的集群的输出。

英文摘要:

We present a model for the radiative output of star clusters in the process of star formation suitable for use in hydrodynamical simulations of radiative feedback. Gas in a clump, defined as a region whose density exceeds 10^4 cm^-3, is converted to stars via the random sampling of the Chabrier IMF. A star formation efficiency controls the rate of star formation. We have completed a suite of simulations which follow the evolution of accretion-fed clumps with initial masses ranging from 0 to 10^5 M_sol and accretion rates ranging from 10^-5 to 10^-1 M_sol yr^-1. The stellar content is tracked over time which allows the aggregate luminosity, ionizing photon rate, number of stars, and star formation rate (SFR) to be determined. For a fiducial clump of 10^4 M_sol, the luminosity is ~4x10^6 L_sol with a SFR of roughly 3x10^-3 M_sol yr^-1. We identify two regimes in our model. The accretion-dominated regime obtains the majority of its gas through accretion and is characterized by an increasing SFR while the reservoir-dominated regime has the majority of its mass present in the initial clump with a decreasing SFR. We show that our model can reproduce the expected number of O stars, which dominate the radiative output of the cluster. We find a nearly linear relationship between SFR and mass as seen in observations. We conclude that our model is an accurate and straightforward way to represent the output of clusters in hydrodynamical simulations with radiative feedback.

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