arXiv 1309.47522013-09-18nucl-thhep-lathep-ph

从格子量子色动力学看核力

Nuclear Forces from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics

Martin J. Savage

备注：: Presentation at the International Conference on Nuclear Theory in the Supercomputing Era -2013, Iowa State University, May 13-17, 2013, Ames, Iowa. 16 pages, 13 figures

摘要：

一个世纪以来，连贯的实验和理论研究已经揭示了核物理学背后的自然规律。强相互作用和电弱相互作用的标准模型的输入参数不多，它决定了夸克和胶子的动力学--它们是质子、中子和原子核的基本组成部分。虽然量子场论的分析技术在理解高能过程中的物质动力学方面发挥了关键作用，但当应用于低能原子核结构和反应以及稠密系统时，它们遇到了困难。预计在未来十年内，计算资源将增加到exa尺度，这将提供直接从QCD数值计算一系列重要的强相互作用过程的能力，这些过程具有可量化的不确定性，使用格点量子色动力学技术。这些计算将改进手征核力，手征核力被用作核多体计算的输入，包括三核子和四核子相互作用。我讨论了最先进的格点量子色动力学计算的数量感兴趣的核物理，进展，预计在不久的将来，对核物理的影响。

英文摘要：

A century of coherent experimental and theoretical investigations have uncovered the laws of nature that underly nuclear physics. The standard model of strong and electroweak interactions, with its modest number of input parameters, dictates the dynamics of the quarks and gluons - the underlying building blocks of protons, neutrons, and nuclei. While the analytic techniques of quantum field theory have played a key role in understanding the dynamics of matter in high energy processes, they encounter difficulties when applied to low-energy nuclear structure and reactions, and dense systems. Expected increases in computational resources into the exa-scale during the next decade will provide the ability to numerically compute a range of important strong interaction processes directly from QCD with quantifiable uncertainties using the technique of Lattice QCD. These calculations will refine the chiral nuclear forces that are used as input into nuclear many-body calculations, including the three- and four-nucleon interactions. I discuss the state-of-the-art Lattice QCD calculations of quantities of interest in nuclear physics, progress that is expected in the near future, and the impact upon nuclear physics.

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