We prove that the subgroup permutability degree of the simple Suzuki groups vanishes asymptotically. In the course of the proof we establish that the limit of the probability of a subgroup of $\Sz(q)$ being a 2-group is equal to 1.
Let $G$ be a group. \textit{The permutability graph of cyclic subgroups of $G$}, denoted by $Γ_c(G)$, is a graph with all the proper cyclic subgroups of $G$ as its vertices and two distinct vertices in $Γ_c(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the corresponding subgroups permute in $G$. In this paper, we classify the finite groups whose permutability graph of cyclic subgroups belongs to one of the following: bipartite, tree, star graph, triangle-free, complete bipartite, $P_n$, $C_n$, $K_4$, $K_{1,3}$-free, unicyclic. We classify abelian groups whose permutability graph of cyclic subgroups are plan…
Let $σ=\{σ_{i}|i\in I\}$ be a partition of the set of all primes $\mathbb{P}$, $G$ a finite group and $σ(G)=\{σ_{i}|σ_{i}\cap π(|G|)\neq\emptyset\}$. A subgroup $S$ of a group $G$ is called a $σ_i$-sylowizer of a $σ_i$-subgroup $R$ in $G$ if $S$ is maximal in $G$ with respect to having $R$ as its Hall $σ_i$-subgroup. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of $σ_i$-sylowizers on the structure of finite groups. We obtained some new characterizations of supersoluble groups by the permutability of the $σ_i$-sylowizers of some $σ_i$-subgroups.
A subgroup $H$ of a finite group $G$ is said to be SS-permutable in $G$ if $H$ has a supplement $K$ in $G$ such that $H$ permutes with every Sylow subgroup of $K$. A finite group $G$ is called an SST-group if SS-permutability is a transitive relation on the set of all subgroups of $G$. The structure of SST-groups is investigated in this paper.
Given a finite group $G$, we introduce the \textit{permutability degree} of $G$, as $$pd(G)=\frac{1}{|G| \ |\mathcal{L}(G)|} {\underset{X \in \mathcal{L}(G)}\sum}|P_G(X)|,$$ where $\mathcal{L}(G)$ is the subgroup lattice of $G$ and $P_G(X)$ the permutizer of the subgroup $X$ in $G$, that is, the subgroup generated by all cyclic subgroups of $G$ that permute with $X\in \mathcal{L}(G)$. The number $pd(G)$ allows us to find some structural restrictions on $G$. Successively, we investigate the relations between $pd(G)$, the probability of commuting subgroups $sd(G)$ of $G$ and the probability of c…
Let $G$ be a group. The permutability graph of subgroups of $G$, denoted by $Γ(G)$, is a graph having all the proper subgroups of $G$ as its vertices, and two subgroups are adjacent in $Γ(G)$ if and only if they permute. In this paper, we classify the finite groups whose permutability graphs are toroidal or projective-planar. In addition, we classify the finite groups whose permutability graph does not contain one of $K_{3,3}$, $K_{1,5}$, $C_6$, $P_5$, or $P_6$ as a subgraph.
We determine the combinatorial depth of certain subgroups of simple Suzuki groups Sz(q), among others the depth of their maximal subgroups. We apply these results to determine the ordinary depth of these subgroups.
An explicit and elementary proof is given to the fact that Suzuki and Ree groups can be decomposed into the product of 4 of their Sylow p-subgroups, where p is the defining characterictic.
We compute the Möbius function for the subgroup lattice of the simple Suzuki group $Sz(q)$; this is used to enumerate normal subgroups of certain Hecke groups with quotients isomorphic to $Sz(q)$.
Let $σ=\{σ_{i} | i\in I\}$ be some partition of the set of all primes $\Bbb{P}$ and let $G$ be a finite group. Then $G$ is said to be $σ$-full if $G$ has a Hall $σ_{i}$-subgroup for all $i$. A subgroup $A$ of $G$ is said to be $σ$-permutable in $G$ provided $G$ is $σ$-full and $A$ permutes with all Hall $σ_{i}$-subgroups $H$ of $G$ (that is, $AH=HA$) for all $i$. We obtain a characterization of finite groups $G$ in which $σ$-permutability is a transitive relation in $G$, that is, if $K$ is a $σ$-permutable subgroup of $H$ and $H$ is a $σ$-permutable subgroup of $G$, then $K$ is a $σ$-permutabl…
Let $π$ be a proper subset of the set of all primes. Denote by $r$ the smallest prime which does not belong to $π$ and set $m = r$ if $r = 2$ or $3$ and $m = r-1$ if $r \geqslant 5$. We study the following conjecture: a conjugacy class $D$ of a finite group $G$ is contained in the $π$-radical $\mathrm{O}_π(G)$ of $G$ if and only if every $m$ elements of $D$ generate a $π$-subgroup. We confirm this conjecture for each group $G$ whose nonabelian composition factors are isomorphic to sporadic or alternating groups.
Let $π$ be a set of primes such that $|π|\geqslant 2$ and $π$ differs from the set of all primes. Denote by $r$ the smallest prime which does not belong to $π$ and set $m=r$ if $r=2,3$ and $m=r-1$ if $r\geqslant 5$. We study the following conjecture: a conjugacy class $D$ of a finite group $G$ is contained in $Oπ(G)$ if and only if every $m$ elements of $D$ generate a $π$-subgroup. We confirm this conjecture for each group $G$ whose nonabelian composition factors are isomorphic to alternating, linear and unitary simple groups.
Let $G$ be a collineation group of a thick finite generalised hexagon or generalised octagon $Γ$. If $G$ acts primitively on the points of $Γ$, then a recent result of Bamberg et al. shows that $G$ must be an almost simple group of Lie type. We show that, furthermore, the minimal normal subgroup $S$ of $G$ cannot be a Suzuki group or a Ree group of type $^2\text{G}_2$, and that if $S$ is a Ree group of type $^2\text{F}_4$, then $Γ$ is (up to point--line duality) the classical Ree--Tits generalised octagon.
The subgroup commutativity degree of a group G has been defined in [6] as the probability that two subgroups of G commute, or equivalently that the product of two subgroups is again a subgroup. Problem 4.3 of [6] asks whether there exist families of groups other than dihedral, quasi-dihedral or generalized quaternion (all of 2-power cardinality), whose subgroup commutativity degree tends to 0 as the size of the group tends to infinity. An affirmative answer to this question has been provided by Aivazidis [1, 2] for the family of projective special linear groups over fields of even characterist…
Let $σ=\{σ_{i} | i\in I\}$ be some partition of the set of all primes $\Bbb{P}$ and $G$ a finite group. $G$ is said to be $σ$-soluble if every chief factor $H/K$ of $G$ is a $σ_{i}$-group for some $i=i(H/K)$. A set ${\cal H}$ of subgroups of $G$ is said to be a complete Hall $σ$-set of $G$ if every member $\ne 1$ of ${\cal H}$ is a Hall $σ_{i}$-subgroup of $G$ for some $σ_{i}\in σ$ and ${\cal H}$ contains exactly one Hall $σ_{i}$-subgroup of $G$ for every $i \in I$ such that $σ_{i}\cap π(G)\ne \emptyset$. A subgroup $A$ of $G$ is said to be $σ$-permutable in $G$ if $G$ has a complete Hall $σ$-…
Let $G$ be a nonabelian finite group and let $d$ be an irreducible character degree of $G$. Then there is a positive integer $e$ so that $|G| = d(d+e)$. Snyder has shown that if $e > 1$, then $|G|$ is bounded by a function of $e$. This bound has been improved by Isaacs and by Durfee and Jensen. In this paper, we will show for groups that have a nontrivial, abelian normal subgroup that $|G| \le e^4 - e^3$. We use this to prove that $|G| < e^4 + e^3$ for all groups. Given that there are a number of solvable groups that meet the first bound, it is best possible. Our work makes use of results rega…
Let $p$ be a prime number and $q=p^m$, with $m \geq 1$ if $p \neq 2,3$ and $m>1$ otherwise. Let $Ω$ be any non-trivial twist for the complex group algebra of $\mathbf{PSL}_2(q)$ arising from a $2$-cocycle on an abelian subgroup of $\mathbf{PSL}_2(q)$. We show that the twisted Hopf algebra $(\mathbb{C} \mathbf{PSL}_2(q))_Ω$ does not admit a Hopf order over any number ring. The same conclusion is proved for the Suzuki groups, and for $\mathbf{SL}_3(p)$ when the twist stems from an abelian $p$-subgroup. This supplies new families of complex semisimple (and simple) Hopf algebras that do not admit …