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arXiv 1306.3940astro-ph.EP
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太阳系外行星大气中的云。IV。关于CO2冰粒散射温室效应:数值辐射转移研究

Clouds in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. IV. On the scattering greenhouse effect of CO2 ice particles: Numerical radiative transfer studies

D. Kitzmann, A. B. C. Patzer, H. Rauer

摘要:

由于云的吸收和散射特性与波长有关,因此云对行星大气的气候有很大影响。特别是,潜在的温室效应的CO2冰云在类地太阳系外行星的大气层是特别感兴趣的,因为它可能会影响的位置,从而扩展的经典宜居带的外边界周围的主序星。通过求解辐射转移方程,研究了不同数值处理方法对CO2冰粒的辐射效应。高阶离散纵坐标方法和简单的双流方法的结果之间的比较揭示了一个潜在的散射效率的温室效应方面的大偏差。双流法高估了透射和反射的辐射,从而产生更高的散射温室效应。对于冷M型矮星的特殊情况,用高阶离散坐标方法计算,CO2冰粒没有表现出强的有效散射温室效应,而双流辐射转移方案则表现出正的净温室效应。因此,以前使用双流近似法对CO2冰云影响的研究高估了散射温室效应造成的大气变暖。因此,CO2冰粒的散射温室效应似乎不如先前估计的那么有效。在一般情况下,高阶辐射转移方法是必要的,以准确地描述CO2冰云的影响,我们的数值辐射转移研究表明。

英文摘要:

Owing to their wavelengths dependent absorption and scattering properties, clouds have a strong impact on the climate of planetary atmospheres. Especially, the potential greenhouse effect of CO2 ice clouds in the atmospheres of terrestrial extrasolar planets is of particular interest because it might influence the position and thus the extension of the outer boundary of the classic habitable zone around main sequence stars. We study the radiative effects of CO2 ice particles obtained by different numerical treatments to solve the radiative transfer equation. The comparison between the results of a high-order discrete ordinate method and simpler two-stream approaches reveals large deviations in terms of a potential scattering efficiency of the greenhouse effect. The two-stream methods overestimate the transmitted and reflected radiation, thereby yielding a higher scattering greenhouse effect. For the particular case of a cool M-type dwarf the CO2 ice particles show no strong effective scattering greenhouse effect by using the high-order discrete ordinate method, whereas a positive net greenhouse effect was found in case of the two-stream radiative transfer schemes. As a result, previous studies on the effects of CO2 ice clouds using two-stream approximations overrated the atmospheric warming caused by the scattering greenhouse effect. Consequently, the scattering greenhouse effect of CO2 ice particles seems to be less effective than previously estimated. In general, higher order radiative transfer methods are necessary to describe the effects of CO2 ice clouds accurately as indicated by our numerical radiative transfer studies.

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