里约热内卢的太阳计在运行- 2010年至2013年
The Heliometer of Rio de Janeiro in Operation - 2010 to 2013
摘要：
在表征孤立气态物体状态的三个量中：压力、温度和体积，半径是唯一可以直接测量的太阳量，在光学窗口和地面测量中尤其如此。位于里约热内卢的国家天文台的日射表通过一个10厘米的抛物柱面镜的反射来测量同一视野内太阳两个相对边缘之间的距离，抛物面镜分成两半，形成一个适当的角度。该配置没有光学像差和沿着测量方向的焦点变化。反射镜由CCZ微晶玻璃制成，望远镜结构由碳钢制成，因此没有弯曲或温度变形。该仪器结构紧凑，每个工作日可以在所有的太阳纬度上进行数百次测量。它达到了0.01角秒的太阳半径的精度，成为从地面监测太阳直径的理想仪器，并连接卫星和星盘的历史系列数据。我们讨论了第一年的定期观测，重点是仪器校准和统计研究派生的时间序列，姿态序列，和太阳几何系列。在此基础上，我们得到了日射表和太阳等高仪的结果是如何匹配的。
英文摘要：
Out of the three quantities that characterize the state of an isolated gaseous body: pressure, temperature and volume the radius is the only one directly measurable for the Sun, what is specially true in the optical window and for ground base measurements. The Heliometer of Observatorio Nacional, in Rio de Janeiro, measures the distance between two opposite limbs of the Sun in the same field of view, through the reflection on a 10 cm parabolic mirror split on its half and forming an appropriate angle. This configuration is free from optical aberrations and focal variations along the measurement direction. The mirrors are made on CCZ vitro-ceramic and the telescope structure is of carbon steel, resulting that there is no flexion or temperature deformation. The instrument is compact, and can perform hundreds of measurements per duty day, around all heliolatitudes. It attains an accuracy on the solar radius of 0.01 arcsec, becoming the ideal instrument to monitor from the ground the solar diameter, and to bridge satellites and astrolabes historical series of data. We discuss the first years of regular observation, with emphasis on the instrumental calibrations and on the statistic study of the derived time series, attitude series, and solar geometry series. On basis of these series we obtain how well the Heliometer and Solar Astrolabe results are matched.
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