2001年里约热内卢等高仪太阳半径变化系列测量的分析
Analysis of a series of measurements of solar semidiameter variations during 2001 at the astrolabe of Rio de Janeiro
摘要：
从1997年起，国家天文台一直在用一个星盘观测太阳，以便研究太阳半径的变化。到目前为止，已经进行了超过20，000次观察。2001年的观测是特别的，因为这是第一次，它们可以与其他等效系列进行比较，因为太阳经过了其活动周期的第二个最大值。首先选择观测数据，忽略与不成功测量相关的值。本文讨论了物棱镜不稳定引起的观测值误差，即东值增大，西值减小。然后，可以通过比较东西方系列来消除错误。接下来，研究了观测条件：气温、Fried参数和太阳临边调整的色散。考虑了它们对结果的影响。最后，我们考虑了由水准缺陷引起的误差，模型依赖于观测方位角。所有校正均小于标准差，并且平均半直径值不受影响。这意味着该系列具有相同的模式，具有较小的偏差。在棱镜不稳定性校正之后，东西方系列变得更加相似，这加强了它们瞄准同一目标的事实。修正后的系列与其他观测的太阳半直径CERGA，蔚蓝海岸天文台在法国和Tubitak天文台在安塔利亚，土耳其。比较显示了相似的特征，值得进一步详细研究。此外，该系列与每日平均太阳黑子数量进行了比较。它在2001年出现了三个最大值，这与正确系列的三个最大值延迟了50天的时间相吻合。同样，这需要进一步研究。
英文摘要：
From 1997 the Observatorio Nacional has been observing the Sun with an astrolabe in order to study variations on the solar semi-diameter. Till now more than 20.000 observations were done. The observations taken in the year of 2001 were special because, for the first time, they can be compared with other equivalent series, and because the Sun passed by a second maximum of its cycle of activity. The observed data were at first selected, by leaving out the values relative to unsuccessful measurements. We dealt with the errors in the observed values originating from the instability of the objective prism, which increases the east values and diminishes the west ones. Then, it was possible to remove the errors by comparing the East and West series. Next, the observational conditions were investigated: the air temperature, the Fried's parameter, and the dispersion on the solar limb adjustment. Their influence on the results was accounted for. Finally we considered the errors arising from leveling defects, modeled by a dependence to the azimuth of observation. All the corrections are smaller than the standard deviation and the mean semi-diameter values stay unaffected. This means that the series have the same pattern with smaller deviations. After the correction of the prism instability the East and West series become more similar, what reinforces that they aim at the same target. The corrected series were compared with other observations of solar semi-diameter from the CERGA, Cote d'Azur Observatory in France and from Tubitak Observatoty in Antalya, Turkey. The comparison reveals alike features, which deserve further, detailed study. Also, the series was compared to the daily mean Sun spots number. It exhibited three maxima along 2001, that coincide on time with three maxima of the correct series delayed by 50 days. Again, this requires a further study.
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