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arXiv 1306.2482physics.geo-ph
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地球内核与phase change边界的热对流

Thermal convection in Earth's inner core with phase change at its boundary

Renaud Deguen, Thierry Alboussière, Philippe Cardin

摘要:

内核的平移,在一个半球上凝固,在另一个半球上熔化,为理解内核的半球形二分法提供了一个有希望的基础,以及在外核底部观察到的异常稳定层-F层-这可能是由内核材料的持续熔化所维持的。本文详细研究了考虑内核边界动态融化和冻结时内核热对流的动力学问题。如果内核是不稳定分层的,线性稳定性分析和数值模拟一致地表明,只有当粘度$η$足够大时,平移模式才占主导地位,具有$3 10^{18}$ Pas级的临界粘度值,取决于外核对流供应或去除熔化或凝固的潜热的能力。如果$η$较小,则融化和冻结的动力学效应较小。对流采取了更经典的形式,在发病和混乱的羽流对流在大瑞利数的单细胞轴对称模式。[...]热对流要求在内核中保持超绝热温度分布,这取决于通过传导提取内核内部热量与在ICB处冷却之间的竞争。在Stacey & Davis(2007)提出的低热导系数值下,内核热对流很可能出现,但在最近提出的高得多的热导系数下,内核几乎不可能出现热对流。然而,我们认为,形成的富铁层以上的ICB可能有一个积极的反馈内核对流:这意味着内核结晶从一个越来越富铁的液体,导致不稳定的成分分层,可能会驱动内核对流,也许即使内核是亚绝热。

英文摘要:

Inner core translation, with solidification on one hemisphere and melting on the other, provides a promising basis for understanding the hemispherical dichotomy of the inner core, as well as the anomalous stable layer observed at the base of the outer core - the F-layer - which might be sustained by continuous melting of inner core material. In this paper, we study in details the dynamics of inner core thermal convection when dynamically induced melting and freezing of the inner core boundary (ICB) are taken into account. If the inner core is unstably stratified, linear stability analysis and numerical simulations consistently show that the translation mode dominates only if the viscosity $η$ is large enough, with a critical viscosity value, of order $3 10^{18}$ Pas, depending on the ability of outer core convection to supply or remove the latent heat of melting or solidification. If $η$ is smaller, the dynamical effect of melting and freezing is small. Convection takes a more classical form, with a one-cell axisymmetric mode at the onset and chaotic plume convection at large Rayleigh number. [...] Thermal convection requires that a superadiabatic temperature profile is maintained in the inner core, which depends on a competition between extraction of the inner core internal heat by conduction and cooling at the ICB. Inner core thermal convection appears very likely with the low thermal conductivity value proposed by Stacey & Davis (2007), but nearly impossible with the much higher thermal conductivity recently put forward. We argue however that the formation of an iron-rich layer above the ICB may have a positive feedback on inner core convection: it implies that the inner core crystallized from an increasingly iron-rich liquid, resulting in an unstable compositional stratification which could drive inner core convection, perhaps even if the inner core is subadiabatic.

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