G. J. Bendo, M. J. Griffin, J. J. Bock, L. Conversi, C. D. Dowell, T. Lim, N. Lu, C. E. North, A. Papageorgiou, C. P. Pearson, M. Pohlen, E. T. Polehampton, B. … 展开作者
G. J. Bendo, M. J. Griffin, J. J. Bock, L. Conversi, C. D. Dowell, T. Lim, N. Lu, C. E. North, A. Papageorgiou, C. P. Pearson, M. Pohlen, E. T. Polehampton, B. Schulz, D. L. Shupe, B. Sibthorpe, L. D. Spencer, B. M. Swinyard, I. Valtchanov, C. K. Xu
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20 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
We describe the procedure used to flux calibrate the three-band submillimetre photometer in the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) instrument on the Herschel Space Observatory. This includes the equations describing the calibration scheme, a justification for using Neptune as the primary calibration source, a description of the observations and data processing procedures used to derive flux calibration parameters (for converting from voltage to flux density) for every bolometer in each array, an analysis of the error budget in the flux calibration for the individual bolometers, and tests of the flux calibration on observations of primary and secondary calibrators. The procedure for deriving the flux calibration parameters is divided into two parts. In the first part, we use observations of astronomical sources in conjunction with the operation of the photometer internal calibration source to derive the unscaled derivatives of the flux calibration curves. To scale the calibration curves in Jy/beam/V, we then use observations of Neptune in which the beam of each bolometer is mapped using Neptune observed in a very fine scan pattern. The total instrumental uncertainties in the flux calibration for the individual bolometers is ~0.5% for most bolometers, although a few bolometers have uncertainties of ~1-5% because of issues with the Neptune observations. Based on application of the flux calibration parameters to Neptune observations performed using typical scan map observing modes, we determined that measurements from each array as a whole have instrumental uncertainties of 1.5%. This is considerably less than the absolute calibration uncertainty associated with the model of Neptune, which is estimated at 4%.
The SPIRE Photometer Interactive Analysis Package SPIA
Herschel Common Science System(HCSS)(Ott et al. 2006)(Ott & Science Ground Segment Consortium 2010)是一个重要的Java软件包,伴随着Herschel Mission(Pilbratt et al. 2010)的开发,支持其所有阶段。特别是从科学仪器的数据减少仪器检验,校准和天文分析是其主要应用之一。数据简化软件被分成多个模块,称为“任务”。任务的顺序形成流水线,提供定义良好的标准产品,存储在网络可访问的赫歇尔科学档案(HSA)中(Leon等人,2009年)。然而,随着天文学家和仪器科学家继续描述仪器效应,天文学家已经需要发表科学结果,可能没有时间对系统进行足够深入的了解以应用必要的修复。需要提供比刚性管道更大灵活性的中间级分析工具。HCSS中的任务框架和高度通用的Herschel交互式处理环境(HIPE),以及丰富的库集,为Herschel仪器开发基于GUI的交互式分析软件包提供了必要的工具。SPIRE光度计交互式分析(SPIA)包,在本次会议上展示,证明了SPIRE仪器概念的有效性(Griffin等人,2010年),将流水线简化分解为逻辑组件,使所有相关的处理参数在GUI中可用,并提供了一个更可控和用户友好的访问系统的复杂性。
The Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer Spectral Feature Finder IV. Neutral Carbon Detection in the SPIRE FTS Spectra
SPIRE FTS光谱特征拟合程序(FF)由赫歇尔光谱和光度成像接收器(SPIRE)傅立叶变换光谱仪(FTS)仪器团队开发,是一种自动化光谱特征拟合程序,试图在SPIRE FTS光谱中找到重要特征。$^3$ P $_1$ - $^3$ P $_0$和$^3$ P $_2$ - $^3$ P $_1$中性碳精细结构线是富碳远红外天体物理源的共同特征。这些特征可能难以使用自动特征检测例程来检测,这是由于它们通常是低幅度和线混合。在本文中,我们描述和验证FF子例程设计检测中性碳排放SPIRE光谱数据中观察到的。
The Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer Spectral Feature Finder II. Estimating Radial Velocity of SPIRE Spectral Observation Sources
Herschel SPIRE FTS光谱特征探测器(FF)探测SPIRE光谱中的重要光谱特征,并采用两个例程和外部参考来估计源径向速度。第一个程序是基于旋转CO发射的识别,第二个互相关检测到的功能与线模板包含在典型的远红外观测的大部分特征线。在本文中,我们概述和验证这些例程,总结的结果,因为它们涉及到FF,并评论如何外部参考文献被纳入。
Calibration of the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Herschel SPIRE仪器由成像光度照相机和成像傅里叶变换光谱仪(FTS)组成,两者都在450-1550 GHz的频率范围内工作。在本文中,我们简要地回顾了FTS的设计,操作和数据处理,并详细描述了相对校准(去除仪器签名)和绝对校准对标准天文源的方法。校准方案假设一个空间扩展的源,并使用赫歇尔望远镜作为主要的校准器。从扩展到点源校准的转换是使用天王星的观测进行的。望远镜发射的模型被证明是精确到6%以内,可重复性好于0.06%,与火星和海王星的模型相比,天王星模型被证明是精确到3%以内。对多个点源的多次观测表明,在校正卫星绝对指向误差(APE)的影响后,定标的重复性优于1%。卫星APE导致导出的通量减少,在任务的第一部分中,在SPIRE范围的高频端,其可以高达~10%(1 sigma),并且在Herschel操作第1011天之后为~4%。由于较大的波束尺寸,SPIRE频带的较低频率范围不受此指向误差的影响。总体而言,对于指向良好的点状源,绝对通量校准优于6%,对于需要映射的扩展源,绝对通量校准优于7%。
Estimating hyperparameters and instrument parameters in regularized inversion. Illustration for SPIRE/Herschel map making
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris(巴黎天体物理研究所);Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes(信号与系统实验室);Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, UMR 5218(波尔多大学,IMS,UMR 5218);Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale(空间天体物理研究所)
Far-infrared/sub-millimetre properties of pre-stellar cores L1521E, L1521F and L1689B as revealed by the Herschel SPIRE instrument -- I. Central positions
Multi-Gaussian fitting Algorithm to determine multi-band photometry and photometric redshifts of LABOCA and Herschel sources in proto-cluster environments