Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) have provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing and wireless communication. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. Triple Umpiring System (TUS) has already been proved its better performance on Wireless Sensor Networks. Clustering technique provides an effective way to prolong the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, we modified the Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) by incorporating Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks through SNR based dynamic Clustering mechanisms (ESRPSDC) can partition the nodes into clusters and select the Cluster Head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy and Non Cluster Head (NCH) nodes join with a specific CH based on SNR Values. Error recovery has been implemented during Inter cluster routing itself in order to avoid end-toend error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using Global Mobile Simulator (GloMoSim) showed that this Hybrid ESRP significantly improves the Energy efficiency and Packet Reception Rate (PRR) compared to SNR unaware routing algorithms like Low Energy Aware Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Power- Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS).
IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is an essential routing protocol to enable communications for IoT networks with low power devices. RPL uses an objective function and routing constraints to find an optimized routing path for each node in the network. However, recent research has shown that topological attacks, such as selective forwarding attacks, pose great challenges to the secure routing of IoT networks. Many conventional secure routing solutions, on the other hand, are computationally heavy to be directly applied in resource-constrained IoT networks. There is an…
Adversaries can exploit inter-domain routing vulnerabilities to intercept communication and compromise the security of critical Internet applications. Meanwhile the deployment of secure routing solutions such as Border Gateway Protocol Security (BGPsec) and Scalability, Control and Isolation On Next-generation networks (SCION) are still limited. How can we leverage emerging secure routing backbones and extend their security properties to the broader Internet? We design and deploy an architecture to bootstrap secure routing. Our key insight is to abstract the secure routing backbone as a virtua…
Routing protocols are used to transmit the packets from the source to the destination node in mobile ad hoc networks. The intruders seek chance to pierce into the network and becomes a cause of malfunctioning in the network. These protocols are always prone to attacks. During the phases of routing in different types of protocols, each of the attack finds a way to degrade the performance of the routing protocols. The reactive routing protocols DSR and AODV have lot of similar features and so are considered in this study. In order to transmit the packets safely, a secured approach using triple f…
MANET is an infrastructure less as well as self configuring network consisting of mobile nodes communicating with each other using radio medium. Its exclusive properties such as dynamic topology, decentralization, and wireless medium make MANET to become very unique network amongst other traditional networks, thereby determining security to be a major challenge. In this paper, we have carried out the survey of various security approaches of Mobile Adhoc Networks and provide a comprehensive study regarding it. We have focused our work on three approaches such as Bayesian watch dog, Trust based …
Multipath routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) plays a significant concern for secured data transmission by avoiding the attack nodes in the network. In order to overcome such limitations, a Winnow Trust based Multipath Route Discovery (WT-MRD) Mechanism is proposed. It constructs multiple paths from source to destination with higher security and lesser time. Initially, the trust value of each node is calculated based on the node cooperative count, data packet forwarding rate and packet drop rate by Neighbor Node-based Trust Calculation (NN-TC) Model. After calculating the trust value, the…
As the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) became the standard for routing in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks, many researchers had investigated the security aspects of this protocol. However, no work (to the best of our knowledge) has investigated the use of the security mechanisms included in the protocol standard, due to the fact that there was no implementation for these features in any IoT operating system yet. A partial implementation of RPL security mechanisms was presented recently for Contiki operating system (by Perazzo et al.), which provided us with the op…
We consider the problem of secure packet routing at the maximum achievable rate in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks. Assume that a QKD protocol generates symmetric private key pairs for secure communication over each link in a network. The quantum key generation process is modeled using a stochastic counting process. Packets are first encrypted with the quantum keys available for each hop and then transmitted on a point-to-point basis over the links. A fundamental problem in this setting is the design of a secure and capacity-achieving routing policy that takes into account the time-var…
As the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) became the standard for routing in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks, many researchers had investigated the security aspects of this protocol. However, no work (to the best of our knowledge) has investigated the use of the security mechanisms included in RPL standard, mainly because there was no implementation for these features in any IoT operating systems yet. A partial implementation of RPL security mechanisms was presented recently for the Contiki operating system (by Perazzo et al.), which provided us with an opportunity t…
The underwater acoustic channel is one of the most challenging communication channels. Due to periodical tidal and daily climatic variation, underwater noise is periodically fluctuating, which result in the periodical changing of acoustic channel quality in long-term. Also, time-variant channel quality leads to routing failure. Routing protocols with acoustic channel estimation, namely underwater channel-aware routing protocols are recently proposed to maintain the routing performance. However, channel estimation algorithms for these routing protocols are mostly linear and rarely consider peri…
This paper introduces an efficient reactive routing protocol considering the mobility and the reliability of a node in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). The proposed protocol accommodates the dynamic behavior of the spectrum availability and selects a stable transmission path from a source node to the destination. Outlined as a weighted graph problem, the proposed protocol measures the weight for an edge the measuring the mobility patterns of the nodes and channel availability. Furthermore, the mobility pattern of a node is defined in the proposed routing protocol from the viewpoint of …
This paper investigates on the problem of combining routing scheme and physical layer security in multihop wireless networks with cooperative diversity. We propose an ad-hoc natured hop-by-hop best secure relay selection in a multihop network with several relays and an eavesdropper at each hop which provides a safe routing scheme to transmit confidential message from transmitter to legitimate receiver. The selection is based on the instantaneous channel conditions of relay and eavesdropper at each hop. A theoretical analysis is performed to derive new closed form expressions for probability of…
The emergence of connected vehicles paradigm has made secure communication a key concern amongst the connected vehicles. Communication between the vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) is critical to disseminate message among the vehicles. We focus on secure message transmission in connected vehicles using multi_hop social networks environment to deliver the message with varying trustworthiness. We proposed a Geographic Social Trust Routing (GSTR) approach; messages are propagated using multiple hops and by considering the various available users in the vehicular network. GSTR is proposed in an …
Monitoring and automation of the critical infrastructures like the power grid is improvised by the support of an efficient and secure communication net-work. Due to the low cost, low power profile, dynamic nature, improved ac-curacy and scalability, wireless sensor networks (WSN) became an attractive choice for the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system of the smart grid. However, the energy efficiency and security of WSN depends highly on the network design and routing scheme. In this paper, a WSN based Secure and Energy Efficient Remote Monitoring Technique (SERMT) is proposed…
As the de facto routing protocol for many Internet of Things (IoT) networks nowadays, and to assure the confidentiality and integrity of its control messages, the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) incorporates three modes of security: the Unsecured Mode (UM), Preinstalled Secure Mode (PSM), and the Authenticated Secure Mode (ASM). While the PSM and ASM are intended to protect against external routing attacks and some replay attacks (through an optional replay protection mechanism), recent research showed that RPL in PSM is still vulnerable to many routing attacks, both in…
In this work, an eavesdropping-aware routing and spectrum allocation approach is proposed utilizing network coding (NC) in elastic optical networks (EONs). To provide physical layer security in EONs and secure the confidential connections against eavesdropping attacks using NC, the signals of the confidential connections are combined (XOR-ed) with other signals at different nodes in their path, while transmitted through the network. The combination of signals through NC significantly increases the security of confidential connections, since an eavesdropper must access all individual signals, t…
The current standard of Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) incorporates three modes of security: the Unsecured Mode (UM), Preinstalled Secure Mode (PSM), and the Authenticated Secure Mode (ASM). While the PSM and ASM are intended to protect against external routing attacks and some replay attacks (through an optional replay protection mechanism), recent research showed that RPL in PSM is still vulnerable to many routing attacks, both internal and external. In this paper, we propose a novel secure mode for RPL, the Chained Secure Mode (CSM), based on the concept of intraflo…
A Mobile Ad hoc Network can be said as a collection of mobile nodes, which builds a dynamic topology and a resource constrained network. Due to dynamic nature routing is challenging in MANET. In Mobile Ad hoc Networks different type of attack is possible. By manipulation in routing and attacks against data are reasoned by malicious nodes. MANETs are susceptible to various attacks from selfish nodes. To defeat those problems security is demanded for preventing node from various attacks. Metaheuristic techniques are used for addressing a problem found in ad hoc networks such as routing, security…
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) experiences several technical challenges such as limited energy, short transmission range, limited storage capacities, and limited computational capabilities. Moreover, the sensor nodes are deployed randomly and massively over an inaccessible or hostile region. Hence WSNs are vulnerable to adversaries and are usually operated in a dynamic and unreliable environment. Animal tracking using wireless sensors is one such application of WSN where power management plays a vital role. In this paper, an energy-efficient hybrid routing method is proposed that divides the …
SDN-Blockchain Based Security Routing for UAV Communication via Reinforcement Learning
The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics（南京航空航天大学）；School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；The State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM（民航数据通信关键实验室）；School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology（中国矿业大学）
