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arXiv 1303.5902cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-el
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狄拉克物质的各种探测:从石墨烯到拓扑绝缘体

Various probes of Dirac matter: from graphene to topological insulators

J. Cayssol

摘要:

石墨烯是碳原子的原子薄层,于2004年由曼彻斯特大学[1,2]和哥伦比亚大学[3]的两个小组首次在绝缘衬底上分离出来。这些里程碑式的实验确立了石墨烯中载流子的狄拉克性质。同年,C。Kane和E.G. Mele预测,如果石墨烯中的固有自旋轨道耦合足够强,将导致电子物质的一种新状态,称为量子自旋霍尔(QSH)状态[4,5]。QSH态的特征在于围绕绝缘体循环的导电无带隙边缘态。这些边缘态被一个新的Z_2性质的拓扑不变量所保护,不受适度无序和相互作用的影响。虽然石墨烯中的自旋轨道耦合强度太弱,但很快预测[6]并通过输运实验[7,8]验证了在HgTe/CdTe量子阱中实现QSH态。在这篇手稿中,我将总结这个巨大的研究领域的一些选择方面集中在狄拉克物质,包括石墨烯和拓扑绝缘体。通过狄拉克物质,我们想到了各种系统,其激发服从相对论性狄拉克类方程而不是非相对论性薛定谔方程。本文主要研究以石墨烯为指导的二维拓扑绝缘体。在第一章中,我们推导了石墨烯的半金属性质,并讨论了Dirac点的对称性保护。第二章和第三章分别讨论了Chern绝缘体和QSH绝缘体。

英文摘要:

Graphene, the atomic-thin layer of carbon atoms, was first isolated on an insulating substrate in 2004 by two groups in Manchester University [1, 2] and Columbia [3]. Those milestone experiments established the Dirac nature of the charge carriers in graphene. The same year, C.L. Kane and E.G. Mele predicted that intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in graphene, if strong enough, would lead to a novel state of electronic matter called the Quantum Spin Hall (QSH) state [4, 5]. The QSH state is characterized by conducting gapless edge states circulating around an insulating bulk. Those edge states are protected from moderate disorder and interactions by a new topological invariant of the Z_2 nature. While the strength of spin-orbit coupling is too weak in graphene, it was soon predicted [6] and verified by transport experiments [7, 8] that the QSH state is realized in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells. In this manuscript, I will summarize some selected aspects of this huge field of research focused on Dirac matter including graphene and topological insulators. By Dirac matter, we have in mind various systems whose excitations obey a relativistic Dirac-like equation instead of the non relativistic Schrodinger equation. This report is mainly focused on the 2D topological insulators using graphene as a guideline. In chapter 1, the semimetallic character of graphene is derived and the symmetry protection of the Dirac points is discussed while chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to Chern insulators and QSH insulators respectively.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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