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arXiv 1303.4932cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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硅中自旋量子比特增强谷分裂的遗传设计

Genetic Design of Enhanced Valley Splitting towards a Spin Qubit in Silicon

Lijun Zhang, Jun-Wei Luo, A. L. Saraiva, Belita Koiller, Alex Zunger

摘要:

硅(Si)中的电子自旋是量子比特(量子计算的逻辑单位)的竞争者,因为它具有出色的自旋相干特性和与标准电子学的兼容性。在Si基质中进行自旋量子计算的一个显著限制是这种材料的导带的轨道简并性,这使得自旋1/2态不能成为孤立的二能级系统。到目前为止,可用的由Ge-Si合金势垒包覆的Si量子阱的样品提供相对小的谷分裂(VS),具有ImeV或更小的量级,降低了在Si中以自旋“向上”和“向下”状态编码的量子位的保真度。在这里,基于原子分辨赝势理论,我们证明了有序的锗硅层状障碍限制硅板可以利用提高VS在活性硅区的一个数量级相比,随机合金障碍迄今为止。生物启发的遗传算法搜索,以确定神奇的Ge/Si层序列的超晶格屏障,隔离电子基态在一个单一的山谷组成VS高达9毫电子伏。增强的VS与不同物种之间的合理的层间混合被保留,并且有趣的是即使发生一些较大的混合也被“保护”。在现代超晶格生长技术的范围内,实现屏障的优化层序列,以实际系统的方式克服了与轨道简并性相关的主要电流限制,从而为Si中的可靠的仅自旋量子计算提供了路线图。

英文摘要:

Electronic spins in Silicon (Si) are rising contenders for qubits -- the logical unit of quantum computation-- owing to its outstanding spin coherence properties and compatibility to standard electronics. A remarkable limitation for spin quantum computing in Si hosts is the orbital degeneracy of this material's conduction band, preventing the spin-1/2 states from being an isolated two-level system. So far available samples of Si quantum wells cladded by Ge-Si alloy barriers provide relatively small valley splitting (VS), with the order of 1 meV or less, degrading the fidelity of qubits encoded in spin "up" and "down" states in Si. Here, based on an atomically resolved pseudopotential theory, we demonstrate that ordered Ge-Si layered barriers confining a Si slab can be harnessed to enhance the VS in the active Si region by up to one order of magnitude compared to the random alloy barriers adopted so far. A biologically inspired genetic-algorithm search is employed to identify magic Ge/Si layer sequences of the superlattice barriers that isolate the electron ground state in a single valley composition with VS as large as ~9 meV. The enhanced VS is preserved with the reasonable inter-layer mixing between different species, and is interestingly "protected" even if some larger mixing occurs. Implementation of the optimized layer sequences of barriers, within reach of modern superlattice growth techniques, overcomes in a practical systematic way the main current limitations related to the orbital degeneracy, thus providing a roadmap for reliable spin-only quantum computing in Si.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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