Magnetically-Driven Suppression of Nematic Order in an Iron-Based Superconductor
Sevda Avci, Omar Chmaissem, Stephan Rosenkranz, Jared M. Allred, Ilya Eremin, Andrey V. Chubukov, Duck-Young Chung, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, John-Paul Castellan,… 展开作者
Sevda Avci, Omar Chmaissem, Stephan Rosenkranz, Jared M. Allred, Ilya Eremin, Andrey V. Chubukov, Duck-Young Chung, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, John-Paul Castellan, John A. Schlueter, Helmut Claus, Dmitry D. Khalyavin, Pascal Manuel, Aziz Daoud-Aladine, Ray Osborn
A theory of superconductivity in the iron-based materials requires an understanding of the phase diagram of the normal state. In these compounds, superconductivity emerges when stripe spin density wave (SDW) order is suppressed by doping, pressure or atomic disorder. This magnetic order is often pre-empted by nematic order, whose origin is yet to be resolved. One scenario is that nematic order is driven by orbital ordering of the iron 3d-electrons that triggers stripe SDW order. Another is that magnetic interactions produce a spin-nematic phase, which then induces orbital order. In this article, we report the observation by neutron powder diffraction of an additional four- fold-symmetric phase in Ba1-xNaxFe2As2 close to the suppression of SDW order, which is consistent with the predictions of magnetically-driven models of nematic order.
电子向列性在铁基超导体中起着重要的作用。这些材料具有层状结构，并且在二维近似中已经很好地建立了它们的磁性和磁性转变的理论描述，即，当各层可以独立处理时。然而，由电子隧穿介导的铁层之间的相互作用可能会导致非平凡的三维行为。从最简单的单层轨道有序模型出发，研究了层间隧穿效应对体有序的影响，以及这种有序只在表面附近形成的可能的抢先态.我们发现，层间隧穿抑制体向列性，这使得有利于形成一个表面层的体转变温度以上。然而，纯电子隧穿哈密顿量有利于在体中从层到层的有序序参量的交替。实验上通常观察到的均匀体相态可以通过与弹性晶格变形的耦合而稳定。根据这种耦合的强度，我们发现了三个制度：（i）表面粗糙度和交替的批量订单，（ii）表面粗糙度和均匀的批量订单，（iii）均匀的批量订单没有中间表面相。这种中间表面过渡态可能解决目前关于BaFe $_2$ As $_{2-x}$ P $_{x}$中存在弱“亚稳跃迁”的争论。
Electronic nematicity in iron pnictide materials has been extensively studied by various experimental techniques, yet its heat capacity anomaly at the phase transition has not been examined quantitatively. In this work we review the thermodynamic description of nematicity in $Ba(Fe_{1-x}Co_{x})_{2}As_{2}$ using the Landau free energy, which defines the behavior of three thermodynamic quantities: the structural orthorhombicity that develops below the nematic transition, the softening shear modulus above the transition, and the discontinuous heat capacity at the transition. We derive a quantitat…
We study the dc conductivity of iron-based superconductors within the orbital-selective spin fluctuation scenario. Within this approach, the anisotropy of spin fluctuations below the spin-nematic transition at T$_S$ is also responsible for the orbital ordering, induced by nematic self-energy corrections to the quasiparticle dispersion. As a consequence, the anisotropy of the dc conductivity below T$_S$ is determined not only by the anisotropy of the scattering rates as expected within a spin-nematic scenario, but also by the modification of the Fermi velocity due to the orbital reconstruction.…
The relationship between unconventional superconductivity, antiferromagnetism and nematic order in iron-based superconductors (FeSCs) is still highly debated. In many FeSCs superconductivity is in proximity of a nematically and magnetically ordered state. LiFeAs is an exceptional stoichiometric FeSC becoming superconducting below 18 K, without undergoing a structural or magnetic transition. However, some recent experimental studies suggested the existence of finite nematic fluctuations and even a nematic superconducting state. In this study, we employ elastoresistance as a measure of nematic f…
Studies of the copper-based superconductors demonstrate how their phase diagram becomes more complex as experimental probes improve, able to distinguish among subtly different electronic phases. One of those phases, nematicity, has become the matter of great interest also in the iron-based superconductors, where it is detected deep in the tetragonal state. Here we present the evolution of the in-plane Nernst effect anisotropy in the strain detwinned Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2 single crystals, whose behaviour can be explained within the approach developed to describe the nematic order parameter in liquid…
Orbital superconductivity, defects and pinned nematic fluctuations in the doped iron chalcogenide FeSe$_{0.45}$Te$_{0.55}$
我们表明，差分电导，$dI/dV$，通过光谱成像扫描隧道显微镜测量的掺杂铁硫属化物FeSe $_{0.45}$ Te $_{0.55}$，具有一系列的特征，允许一个提取的超导间隙的轨道结构。这在两个类空穴费米面上产生了近各向同性的超导带隙，而在类电子费米面上产生了强各向异性的带隙。此外，我们表明，钉扎由缺陷的涨落可以引起一个哑铃状的空间结构的诱导杂质束缚态，并解释了相关的$C_2$ -对称性的傅立叶变换微分电导。
Fit-Free Optical Determination of Electronic Thermalization Time in Nematic Iron-Based Superconductors
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico（波多黎各大学物理系）；Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校材料科学与工程系）
Raman scattering as a probe of charge nematic fluctuations in iron based superconductors
本文报道了BaFe $_2$ As $_2$和Sr（Fe $_{1-x}$ Co $_x$）$_2$ As $_2$（x=0.04）单晶四元相中电荷涨落的拉曼散射测量。在这两个系统中，所观察到的居里-外斯波动被发现表现出发散的居里-外斯行为与非常相似的特征温度标度，表明在122铁基超导体的普遍趋势，对电荷的有序。
Electronic nematicity is often found in unconventional superconductors, suggesting its relevance for electronic pairing. In the strongly hole-doped iron-based superconductors, the symmetry channel and strength of the nematic fluctuations, as well as the possible presence of long-range nematic order, remain controversial. Here, we address these questions using transport measurements under elastic strain. By decomposing the strain response into the appropriate symmetry channels, we demonstrate the emergence of a giant in-plane symmetric contribution, associated with the growth of both strong ele…
Oriented gap opening in the magnetically ordered state of Iron-pnicitides: an impact of intrinsic unit cell doubling on the $Fe$ square lattice by $As$ atoms
我们发现，角分辨光电子能谱（ARPES）观测到的铁磷族化合物磁有序态费米面附近的复杂能带重构，如果适当考虑最近建立的S $_{4}$微观有效模型中As原子引起的\emph{intrinsic unit cell doubling}，可以在平均场水平上理解。（0，$π$）或（$π$，0）共线反铁磁（C-AFM）序不会在有序波矢连接的费米表面上的两点之间打开间隙，但会迫使涉及未折叠布里渊区（BZ）中的四个点的带重构，并产生小口袋或热点。S $_4$对称性自然地选择交错轨道顺序而不是铁轨道顺序来与C-AFM顺序共存。这些结果有力地表明，基于S $_{4}$对称性的运动学捕获了铁基超导体的基本低能物理。
Sign-reversal of the in-plane resistivity anisotropy in iron pnictides
电子驱动的晶体旋转对称性破缺（不涉及磁序）的概念在多个系统中找到了实验支持，从半导体异质结构和钌酸盐到铜酸盐和铁磷属元素化物超导体。在磷属元素化物BaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$中，在可以由外部应变控制的温度范围内，这样的“电子自旋态”出现在磁过渡圆顶之上。在这里，通过测量平面内的电阻率各向异性，我们探测这种材料的电子各向异性在整个超导/磁圆顶，其端点与最佳超导转变温度相一致。反直觉地，我们发现，与其他材料不同，BaFe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$中的电阻率各向异性改变了整个掺杂相图的符号，即使磁性，磁性和正交序参量的符号保持固定。这一行为可以用磁相的费米面重构和磁相的自旋涨落散射来解释。输运各向异性的独特行为揭示了铁磷属元素化物的正常态输运性质中磁散射的主要作用，表明磁性、向列性和非常规超导性之间存在密切联系。
Motivated by growing indications for a distinct form of nematic correlations in the extremely hole doped iron pnictide compounds $A$Fe$_2$As$_2$ ($A$=K,Rb,Cs), we consider spin-driven nematic order in the general case of incommensurate magnetic fluctuations. We classify the nematic order parameters by broken mirror symmetries of the tetragonal $D_{4h}$ point group, and use this scheme to construct a general Ginzburg-Landau theory that links the nematic order to spatial pattern of magnetic fluctuations. Our analysis points to incommensurate magnetic fluctuations of wavevector $(q,q)$ as underly…
Charge Nematicity and Electronic Raman Scattering in Iron-based Superconductors
本文综述了铁基超导体中电荷涨落的电子喇曼散射测量的最新进展。一个简单的理论框架的$d$波波Pomeranchuk过渡，提出了为了捕捉显着的特点的频谱。我们讨论了122个铁基体系，特别是Co掺杂BaFe $_2$ As $_2$正常态的拉曼光谱数据，我们发现，低能量准弹性峰，提取的磁化率和散射率是一致的电子驱动的结构相变。在全能隙超导态下，准弹性峰转变为有限频率的共振，这在电子掺杂系统中表现得尤为明显。分析的一个重要特征是电子拉曼信号不受声学声子的影响。这使得拉曼光谱成为电子向列性的独特探针。
We have systematically studied the nematic susceptibility in non-superconducting Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$TM$_{x}$)$_2$As$_2$ (TM = Cr, Mn, V and Cu) by measuring the uniaxial pressure dependence of the resistivity along the Fe-As-Fe direction. The nematic susceptibilities in all samples show the Curie-Weiss-like behavior at high temperatures, where the nematic Curie constant $A_n$ can be derived, similar to the Curie constant in a paramagnetism. While all these dopants do not introduce superconductivity in BaFe$_2$As$_2$, their effects on nematic fluctuations are different. In Mn, Cr and V doped samples,…
Emergent XY electronic nematicity in iron-based superconductors
电子向列性是一种自发破坏旋转对称性的相关态，在几种分层量子材料中观察到。与它们的液晶对应物相比，双折射指向矢通常不能指向任意方向（XY向列），而是被晶体锁定在离散方向（伊辛向列），导致在过渡上方的强烈各向异性波动。在这里，我们报告的观察，通过弹性电阻测量，在空穴掺杂的Ba $_{1-x}$ Rb $_{x}$ Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$铁基超导体的近各向同性XY的波动。而对于$x=0$，双折射指向矢沿着四面体晶格的面内对角线指向，对于$x=1$，它沿着水平轴和垂直轴指向。值得注意的是，对于中间掺杂，这两个不可还原的Curie-Weiss通道的磁化率显示出相当的Curie-Weiss行为，从而揭示了一个接近XY-Curie-state。这开辟了一条新的途径来评估这种难以捉摸的电子量子液晶态，它是一个候选人主机独特的现象不存在于伊辛-伊辛的情况下。
The role of nematic fluctuations for unconventional superconductivity has been subject of intense discussions for many years. In iron-based superconductors, the most established probe for electronic-nematic fluctuations, i.e. the elastoresistivity seems to imply that superconductivity is reinforced by electronic-nematic fluctuations, since the elastoresistivity amplitude peaks at or close to optimal $T_C$. However, on the over-doped side of the superconducting dome, the diminishing elastoresistivity suggests a negligible importance in the mechanism of superconductivity. Here we introduce the N…
Nematicity is ubiquitous in electronic phases of high transition temperature superconductors, particularly in iron-based superconductors (IBSCs). Order parameter that characterizes the nematic phase has been investigated in momentum space, but its real-space arrangement remains largely unclear. We use linear dichroism (LD) in low-temperature laser-photoemission electron microscope to map out the nematic order parameter of nonmagentic FeSe and antiferromagnetic BaFe2(As0.87P0.13)2. In contrast to the structural domains that have atomic-scale domain walls, the LD patterns in both materials show …
The momentum dependence of the nematic order parameter is an important ingredient in the microscopic description of iron-based high-temperature superconductors. While recent reports on FeSe indicate that the nematic order parameter changes sign between electron and hole bands, detailed knowledge is still missing for other compounds. Combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with uniaxial strain tuning, we measure the nematic band splitting in both FeSe and BaFe$_2$As$_2$ without interference from either twinning or magnetic order. We find that the nematic order parameter exhi…
The nematic instability of iron-based superconductors is an undebatable ingredient of the physics of iron-based superconductors. Yet, its origin remains enigmatic as it involves a fermiology with an intricate interplay of lattice-, orbital- and spin- degrees of freedom. It is well known that thermoelectric transport is an excellent probe for revealing even subtle signatures of instabilities and pertinent fluctuations. In this paper, we report a strong response of the thermoelectric transport properties of two underdoped 1111 iron-based superconductors to a vanishingly small strain. By introduc…
Quantum criticality in iron pnictides involves both the nematic and antiferromagnetic degrees of freedom, but the relationship between the two types of fluctuations has yet to be clarified. Here we study this problem in the presence of a small external uniaxial potential, which breaks the $C_4$-symmetry in the B$_{1g}$ sector. We establish an identity that connects the spin excitation anisotropy, which is the difference of the dynamical spin susceptibilities at $\vec{Q}_1=\left(π,0\right)$ and $\vec{Q}_2=\left(0,π\right)$, with the dynamical magnetic susceptibility and static nematic susceptib…
We report a study of the Mott insulator La$_2$O$_3$Fe$_2$Se$_2$ by means of $^{139}$La nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). The NQR spectra evidence a single La site in the paramagnetic phase and two inequivalent La sites, La1 and La2, in the antiferromagnetically-ordered phase (Néel temperature $T_{\rm{N}} \simeq 90$ K). These two sites are characterized by different quadrupole couplings, indicative of distinct lattice and/or charge configurations likely segregated in domains. The dependence of the quadrupole coupling for La2 on temperature suggests that the magnetic order parameter drives the…
Nematic order in the iron-based superconductors is closely tied to a lattice distortion and a structural transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry. External stress of the appropriate symmetry acts as a conjugate field of the nematic order parameter and can be utilized to detwin nematic domains but also smears an otherwise sharp nematic transition. On the other hand, applying stress in proper symmetry channels allows one to tune the nematic phase transition. Recent experiments analyzed the stress-induced changes of the nematic and magnetic phase transition temperature. Here we show th…
Superconductivity emerges in proximity to a nematic phase in most iron-based superconductors. It is therefore important to understand the impact of nematicity on the electronic structure. Orbital assignment and tracking across the nematic phase transition prove to be challenging due to the multiband nature of iron-based superconductors and twinning effects. Here, we report a detailed study of the electronic structure of fully detwinned FeSe across the nematic phase transition using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We clearly observe a nematicity-driven band reconstruction involving d…
Electronic Nematicity Revealed by Torque Magnetometry in Iron Arsenide EuFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$
电子向列相是一种电子取向的有序性，它打破了铁磷属元素化物超导体的旋转对称性。然而，这一阶段的掺杂依赖性的普遍性和它的关系，其他的破缺订单（如超导）在不同的家庭的铁pnictides，仍然是悬而未决的问题。本文用转矩磁法研究了EuFe $_2$（As $_{1-x}$ P $_x$）$_2$在不引入外压的情况下的转动对称破缺。发现在最佳掺杂下，超导相在结构转变上方增殖并持续进入超导状态，之后它变得不存在或非常弱，与BaFe $_2$（As $_{1-x}$ P $_x$）$_2$中观察到的行为形成鲜明对比。这些测量结果表明，在超导圆顶下，接近最佳掺杂的假定量子跃迁。
Evolution from $B_{2g}$ nematics to $B_{1g}$ nematics in heavily hole-doped iron-based superconductors
最近的实验报道了重空穴掺杂磷属元素化合物$A$ Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$的一种不寻常的双折射行为，其中碱金属$A$ = Rb，Cs.与母体$Ae$ Fe $_{2}$的$B_{2g}$有序相反，作为$_{2}$化合物（碱土金属$Ae$ = Sr，Ba），其特征在于不相等的最近邻Fe-Fe键，在空穴掺杂系统中，在$B_{1g}$通道中观察到有序，其特征在于不相等的次最近邻Fe-Fe（对角Fe-As-Fe）键。在这项工作中，使用密度泛函理论，我们属性的磁性基态沿系列$Ae_{1-x}A_{x}$ Fe $_{2}$作为$_{2}$的演变，从单条纹小$x$双条纹大$x$。我们的模拟使用约化的Stoner理论表明，Fe矩的波动是必不可少的双条配置的稳定性。我们提出，磁基态的性质的变化是负责的变化的对称性的残余的doppler命令，它支持。
The extent to which quantum criticality drives the physics of iron pnictides is a central question in the field. Earlier theoretical considerations were based on an effective field theory, and the proposed realization in P-doped iron arsenides has received extensive experimental evidence. To connect the quantum critical behavior with the underlying electronic physics, it is important to analyze it within microscopic models. Here, we do so for a multi-orbital model containing both Hubbard and Hund's interactions, by a variational Monte Carlo method based on Jastrow-Slater wave functions that al…
