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arXiv 1302.7181astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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银河系隆起超紧X射线双星的星族合成

Population synthesis of ultracompact X-ray binaries in the Galactic Bulge

L. M. van Haaften, G. Nelemans, R. Voss, S. Toonen, S. F. Portegies Zwart, L. R. Yungelson, M. V. van der Sluys

摘要:

[摘要]目的。我们模拟了银河系膨胀中超紧X射线双星(UCXB)的数量和性质。目的是了解UCXB的形成及其演变,如传质的开始和后期行为。方法.二进制人口合成代码SeBa和恒星演化轨迹被用来模拟UCXB人口。利用对已知UCXB的长期X射线观测和热粘盘不稳定性模型预测了UCXB的光度行为。结果在我们的模型中,大多数UCXB最初都有一个氦燃烧的恒星供体。在没有破坏旧UCXB的机制的情况下,我们预测银河系隆起中有(0.2 - 1.9)x 10^5个UCXB,大多数在轨道周期超过60分钟的情况下(大量的长周期系统也是从观测到的短周期UCXB种群中得出的)。大约有5 ~ 50个UCXB的亮度应该在10^35 erg/s以上,它们大多数是轨道周期短于30 min的持久源,并含有简并氦和碳氧供体。这比观察到的(可能)三个数量级多一个数量级。结论.这种对短周期UCXB的过度预测意味着形成的系统较少,或者超爱丁顿传质速率比假设的更难生存。观测到的长周期UCXB相对于短周期UCXB的数量非常少,观测到的轨道周期约为50分钟的UCXB的亮度惊人地高,PSR J1719-1438系统的特性都表明UCXB的演化速度比仅通过引力波辐射的角动量损失所预期的要快得多。旧的UCXB,如果它们仍然存在,可能有超过2小时的轨道周期,并且由于减少吸积或静止而变得非常微弱,或者已经脱离。UCXB是孤立毫秒射电星的有希望的候选祖先。

英文摘要:

[abridged] Aims. We model the number and properties of ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) in the Galactic Bulge. The objective is to learn about the formation of UCXBs and their evolution, such as the onset of mass transfer and late-time behavior. Methods. The binary population synthesis code SeBa and stellar evolutionary tracks are used to model the UCXB population. The luminosity behavior of UCXBs is predicted using long-term X-ray observations of the known UCXBs and the thermal-viscous disk instability model. Results. In our model, the majority of UCXBs initially have a helium burning star donor. In the absence of a mechanism that destroys old UCXBs, we predict (0.2 - 1.9) x 10^5 UCXBs in the Galactic Bulge, mostly at orbital periods longer than 60 min (a large number of long-period systems also follows from the observed short-period UCXB population). About 5 - 50 UCXBs should be brighter than 10^35 erg/s, mostly persistent sources with orbital periods shorter than 30 min and with degenerate helium and carbon-oxygen donors. This is one order of magnitude more than the observed number of (probably) three. Conclusions. This overprediction of short-period UCXBs implies that fewer systems are formed, or that a super-Eddington mass transfer rate is more difficult to survive than assumed. The very small number of observed long-period UCXBs with respect to short-period UCXBs, the surprisingly high luminosity of the observed UCXBs with orbital periods around 50 min, and the properties of the PSR J1719-1438 system all point to much faster UCXB evolution than expected from angular momentum loss via gravitational wave radiation alone. Old UCXBs, if they still exist, probably have orbital periods longer than 2 h and have become very faint due to either reduced accretion or quiescence, or have become detached. UCXBs are promising candidate progenitors of isolated millisecond radio pulsars.

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