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arXiv 1302.6594astro-ph.CO
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超暗矮星系中α元素的分布

The Distribution of Alpha Elements in Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies

Luis C. Vargas, Marla Geha, Evan N. Kirby, Joshua D. Simon

摘要:

银河系超暗矮星系(UFD)包含宇宙中一些最古老,最贫金属的恒星。我们给出了8个UFD中61颗红巨星分支星的[Mg/Fe]、[Si/Fe]、[Ca/Fe]、[Ti/Fe]和平均[α/Fe]丰度比。这是迄今为止在绝对星等M_V >-8的星系中公布的最大的α丰度样本,包括Segue 1,Canes Venaeu II,Ursa Major I和Leo T的首次测量。通过中等分辨率Keck/DEIMOS光谱和光谱合成确定丰度。样品的金属量范围为-3.4 < [Fe/H] <-1.1。可能除了Segue 1和Ursa Major II之外,个别UFD在较高的金属丰度下平均显示较低的[alpha/Fe],与Ia型超新星的富集一致。因此,即使是最微弱的星系也至少经历了有限水平的化学自富集。结合最近的光度研究,这表明UFD中的恒星形成不是一次爆发,而是至少持续了Ia型超新星爆发的最小延迟时间(约1亿年),并且不到2 Gyr。我们进一步表明,合并人口的UFD有一个[α/Fe]丰度模式,这是不一致的一个单位,星系晕样的α丰度趋势,也是定性不同的更明亮的CVn I dSph,这确实显示了一个平台在非常低的提示[Fe/H]。

英文摘要:

The Milky Way ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) contain some of the oldest, most metal-poor stars in the Universe. We present [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Ti/Fe], and mean [alpha/Fe], abundance ratios for 61 individual red giant branch stars across 8 UFDs. This is the largest sample of alpha abundances published to date in galaxies with absolute magnitudes M_V > -8, including the first measurements for Segue 1, Canes Venatici II, Ursa Major I, and Leo T. Abundances were determined via medium-resolution Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopy and spectral synthesis. The sample spans the metallicity range -3.4 < [Fe/H] < -1.1. With the possible exception of Segue 1 and Ursa Major II, the individual UFDs show on average lower [alpha/Fe] at higher metallicities, consistent with enrichment from Type Ia supernovae. Thus even the faintest galaxies have undergone at least a limited level of chemical self-enrichment. Together with recent photometric studies, this suggests that star formation in the UFDs was not a single burst, but instead lasted at least as much as the minimum time delay of the onset of Type Ia supernovae (~100 Myr) and less than ~2 Gyr. We further show that the combined population of UFDs has an [alpha/Fe] abundance pattern that is inconsistent with a flat, Galactic halo-like alpha abundance trend, and is also qualitatively different from that of the more luminous CVn I dSph, which does show a hint of a plateau at very low [Fe/H].

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