arXiv 1302.44382013-02-18hep-phastro-ph.HE

规范耦合统一与非平衡热暗物质

Gauge Coupling Unification and Non-Equilibrium Thermal Dark Matter

Yann Mambrini, Keith A. Olive, Jeremie Quevillon, Bryan Zaldivar

备注：: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.241306

摘要：

我们研究了宇宙中产生暗物质的一种新机制，这种机制不依赖于热平衡。暗物质是在暴胀再加热后的热浴中通过一个质量大于再加热标度T_R的大质量介质填充的。为此，我们考虑具有额外U（1）规范对称性在10 ^10 - 10 ^12 GeV量级的某个中间尺度M处破缺的模型。我们表明，该模型不仅允许规范耦合统一（在与大统一相关的更高尺度下），而且可以自然地提供一个暗物质候选者，它是一个标准模型单线态，但在额外的U（1）下带电。在几种E6/SO（10）结构中预测的中间尺度规范玻色子可以是暗物质和热浴之间的天然介质。我们发现，虽然暗物质丰度从未达到热平衡，但在再加热时期之后不久，其丰度就被关系式TR ^3/M ^4所固定。因此，我们证明了确定M的规范耦合的统一也固定了再加热温度T_R，它可以高达10^11 GeV。

英文摘要：

We study a new mechanism for the production of dark matter in the universe which does not rely on thermal equilibrium. Dark matter is populated from the thermal bath subsequent to inflationary reheating via a massive mediator whose mass is above the reheating scale, T_R. To this end, we consider models with an extra U(1) gauge symmetry broken at some intermediate scale M, of the order of 10^10 -- 10^12 GeV. We show that not only does the model allow for gauge coupling unification (at a higher scale associated with grand unification) but can naturally provide a dark matter candidate which is a Standard Model singlet but charged under the extra U(1). The intermediate scale gauge boson(s) which are predicted in several E6/SO(10) constructions can be a natural mediator between dark matter and the thermal bath. We show that the dark matter abundance, while never having achieved thermal equilibrium, is fixed shortly after the reheating epoch by the relation T_R^3/M^4. As a consequence, we show that the unification of gauge couplings which determines M also fixes the reheating temperature T_R, which can be as high as 10^11 GeV.

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