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arXiv 1302.0563astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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开普勒双星中的三星候选者

Triple-Star Candidates Among the Kepler Binaries

S. Rappaport, K. Deck, A. Levine, T. Borkovits, J. Carter, I. El Mellah, R. Sanchis-Ojeda, B. Kalomeni

摘要:

我们通过食开普勒双星的光度数据库(Prsa et al. 2011; Slawson et al. 2011)寻找等级三星系统的证据。第三颗围绕双星运行的恒星的存在可以从日食时间的变化中推断出来。我们应用一个简单的算法,在一个自动确定的日食时间为所有2157二进制文件。基于恒定周期模型的“计算”日食时间从观测到的日食时间中减去。最后得到的O-C(观测时间减去计算时间)曲线会被目视检查是否有周期性,以便找到三星候选者。在消除了由于约1/2小时开普勒节奏和双星周期之间的拍频而导致的假阳性之后,确定了39个候选三元系。这些候选者的周期O-C曲线,然后适合从经典的罗默延迟和所谓的“物理”延迟的贡献,试图提取的三元组的系统参数的数量。我们讨论了在没有进一步补充输入的情况下,可以从这些O-C曲线推断出的信息的局限性,例如,地面光谱学基于这一搜索敏感的三星系统的轨道周期的有限范围,我们可以外推估计至少有20%的近距离双星有第三伴星。

英文摘要:

We present the results of a search through the photometric database of eclipsing Kepler binaries (Prsa et al. 2011; Slawson et al. 2011) looking for evidence of hierarchical triple star systems. The presence of a third star orbiting the binary can be inferred from eclipse timing variations. We apply a simple algorithm in an automated determination of the eclipse times for all 2157 binaries. The "calculated" eclipse times, based on a constant period model, are subtracted from those observed. The resulting O-C (observed minus calculated times) curves are then visually inspected for periodicities in order to find triple-star candidates. After eliminating false positives due to the beat frequency between the ~1/2-hour Kepler cadence and the binary period, 39 candidate triple systems were identified. The periodic O-C curves for these candidates were then fit for contributions from both the classical Roemer delay and so-called "physical" delay, in an attempt to extract a number of the system parameters of the triple. We discuss the limitations of the information that can be inferred from these O-C curves without further supplemental input, e.g., ground-based spectroscopy. Based on the limited range of orbital periods for the triple star systems to which this search is sensitive, we can extrapolate to estimate that at least 20% of all close binaries have tertiary companions.

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