We present an imaging study of a sample of eight asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the HI 21-cm line. Using observations from the Very Large Array, we have unambiguously detected HI emission associated with the extended circumstellar envelopes of six of the targets. The detected HI masses range from M_HI ~ 0.015-0.055 M_sun. The HI morphologies and kinematics are diverse, but in all cases appear to be significantly influenced by the interaction between the circumstellar envelope and the surrounding medium. Four stars (RX Lep, Y UMa, Y CVn, and V1942 Sgr) are surrounded by detached HI shells ranging from 0.36 to 0.76 pc across. We interpret these shells as resulting from material entrained in a stellar outflow being abruptly slowed at a termination shock where it meets the local medium. RX Lep and TX Psc, two stars with moderately high space velocities (V_space>56 km/s), exhibit extended gaseous wakes (~0.3 and 0.6 pc in the plane of the sky), trailing their motion through space. The other detected star, R Peg, displays a peculiar "horseshoe-shaped" HI morphology with emission extended on scales up to ~1.7 pc; in this case, the circumstellar debris may have been distorted by transverse flows in the local interstellar medium. We briefly discuss our new results in the context of the entire sample of evolved stars that has been imaged in HI to date.
Lithium abundances in red giants of M4: evidence for asymptotic giant branch star pollution in globular clusters?
在球状星团(GC)巨人的Li和质子捕获元素丰度的测定,使我们能够限制在GC中的多个人口情景的几个关键问题,从形成和早期演化,污染和稀释机制。在这封信中,我们提出了我们的结果,对大样本的巨人在中间金属丰度GC NGC 6121(M4),其中钠和O已经确定了马里诺等人。分析的恒星都低于和高于红巨星分支凸点光度。我们发现第一代和第二代恒星具有相同的Li含量,这表明Li生产一定发生过。这是一个强有力的观测证据,支持渐近巨星分支星是GC污染者的假设。
The distinguishing feature of the evolution of close binary stars is the role played by the mass exchange between the component stars. Whether the mass transfer is dynamically stable is one of the essential questions in binary evolution. In the limit of extremely rapid mass transfer, the response of a donor star in an interacting binary becomes asymptotically one of adiabatic expansion. We use the adiabatic mass loss model to systematically survey the thresholds for dynamical timescale mass transfer over the entire span of possible donor star evolutionary states. We also simulate mass loss pro…
Population II Distance Indicators: RR Lyrae Variables, Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) Stars and J-Branch Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB/Carbon) Stars
Barium (Ba) stars form via mass-transfer in binary systems, and can subsequently interact with their white dwarf companion in a second stage of binary interaction. We used observations of main-sequence Ba systems as input for our evolutionary models, and try to reproduce the orbits of the Ba giants. We show that to explain short and sometimes eccentric orbits, additional interaction mechanisms are needed along the RGB.
Mass transfer in asymptotic-giant-branch binary systems
当一个成员(主星)上升到一个巨大的分支上时,双星可以通过质量转移进行相互作用。由二进制喷出的气体量和气体吸积量的主要影响的生命周期的次要的后续的二进制现象。双星喷出的部分气体将保持引力束缚,其分布将与行星状星云的形成密切相关。通过在AstroBEAR AMR Hydro/MHD程序中加入辐射转移,我们研究了含有AGB星的双星系统的质量转移性质。
Asteroseismology allows us to probe stellar interiors. Mixed modes can be used to probe the physical conditions in red giant cores. However, we still need to identify the physical mechanisms that transport angular momentum inside red giants, leading to the slow-down observed for the red giant core rotation. Thus large-scale measurements of the red giant core rotation are of prime importance to obtain tighter constraints on the efficiency of the internal angular momentum transport, and to study how this efficiency changes with stellar parameters. This work aims at identifying the components of …
The space-borne missions CoRoT and Kepler opened up a new opportunity for better understanding stellar evolution by probing stellar interiors with unrivalled high-precision photometric data. Kepler has observed stellar oscillation for four years, which gave access to excellent frequency resolution that enables deciphering the oscillation spectrum of evolved red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stars. The internal structure of stars in the upper parts of the red and asymptotic giant branches is poorly constrained, which makes the distinction between red and asymptotic giants difficult. …
We have determined stellar parameters and abundances for 221 giant branch stars in the globular cluster ω Centauri. A combination of photometry and lower-resolution spectroscopy was used to determine temperature, gravity, metallicity, [C/Fe], [N/Fe] and [Ba/Fe]. These abundances agree well with those found by previous researchers and expand the analysed sample of the cluster. k-means clustering analysis was used to group the stars into four homogeneous groups based upon these abundances. These stars show the expected anticorrelation in [C/Fe] to [N/Fe]. We investigated the distribution of CN-w…
Asteroseismic Modeling of 1,153 Kepler Red Giant Branch Stars: Improved Stellar Parameters with Gravity-Mode Period Spacings and Luminosity Constraints
Barium (Ba), CH, and extrinsic or Tc-poor S-type stars are evolved low- and intermediate-mass stars that show enhancement of slow-neutron-capture-process elements on their surface, an indication of mass accretion from a former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion, which is now a white dwarf (WD). Ba and CH stars can be found in the main-sequence (MS), the sub-giant, and the giant phase, while extrinsic S-type stars populate the giant branches only. As these polluted stars evolve, they might be involved in a second phase of interaction with their now white dwarf companion. In this paper, we …
The red giant branch (RGB) of globular clusters (GCs) is home to some exotic stars, which may provide clues on the formation of multiple stellar populations in GCs. It is well known that binary interactions are responsible for many exotic stars. Thus, it is important to understand what fraction of stars on the RGB of GCs is the result of binary interactions. In this paper, we performed a binary population synthesis study to track the number of post-binary-interaction (post-BI) stars that appear on the RGB, with particular emphasis on the evolved blue straggler stars (E-BSSs). Assuming an initi…
The mechanism behind the Long Secondary Period (LSP) observed in pulsating red giants still remains unknown. In this work, I investigate the connection between the Red Giant Branch and Asymptotic Giant Branch evolution and the appearance of the LSP - the phenomenon observed in a large fraction the red giants. I use the OGLE-III sample of the OSARG variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud. I construct the density maps in the period-luminosity as well as color-magnitude planes for the stars showing LSP and compare them to the remaining giants. I also fit the spectral energy distribution to test w…
HYDRA spectra of 287 stars in the field of NGC 2506 from the turnoff through the giant branch are analyzed. With previous data, 22 are identified as probable binaries; 90 more are classified as potential non-members. Spectroscopic analyses of ~60 red giants and slowly rotating turnoff stars using line equivalent widths and a neural network approach lead to [Fe/H] = -0.27 +/- 0.07 (s.d.) and [Fe/H] = -0.27 +/- 0.06 (s.d.), respectively. Li abundances are derived for 145 probable single-star members, 44 being upper limits. Among turnoff stars outside the Li-dip, A(Li) = 3.04 +/- 0.16 (s.d.), wit…
Toward Direct Imaging of Low-Mass Gas-Giants with the $\textit{James Webb Space Telescope}$
在准备观测的$\textit{James Webb Space Telescope}$($\textit{JWST}$),我们已经确定了附近的新成员,年轻的M矮星样本,并编制了这些恒星的最新名单。在这里,我们总结了我们的努力,以确定年轻的M矮星,描述目前的样本,并详细介绍其人口的背景下,直接行星成像。我们还描述了我们的调查前所未有的灵敏度的$\textit{JWST}$成像时,附近,年轻的M矮星。该$\textit{JWST}$是唯一的短期设施,能够定期推动直接成像能力周围的M矮星,以亚木星的质量,并将提供关键的洞察力的问题,有关低质量的气体巨星的属性,频率,形成,和架构。
Magneto-Archeology of White Dwarfs. Revisiting the fossil field scenario with observational constraints during the red giant branch
Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)(奥地利科学技术研究所);Grupo de Evolución Estelar y Pulsaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata(拉普拉塔国立大学天文学与地球物理科学学院恒星演化与脉动研究组);Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata, CONICET-UNLP(拉普拉塔天文研究所(CONICET-UNLP));Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森天体物理中心)
The onset of cool massive winds in evolved giants is correlated with an evolutionary feature on the red giant branch known as the bump. Also at the bump, shear instability in the star leads to magnetic fields that occur preferentially on small length scales. Pneuman (1983) has suggested that the emergence of small scale flux tubes in the Sun can give rise to enhanced acceleration of the solar wind as a result of plasmoid acceleration (the melon seed mechanism). In this paper, we examine the Pneuman formalism to determine if it may shed some light on the process that drives mass loss from stars…
Limits on core driven ILOT outbursts of asymptotic giant branch stars
我们发现,单星机制的中间亮度光学瞬变(CRTTs;红瞬变;红新星),这是由能量释放的核心渐近巨星分支(AGB)的恒星可能会弹出整个信封,因此不能解释CRTTs在AGB和类似的恒星。有单星和双星模型来描述超新星的动力,超新星是爆发的恒星,其峰值亮度介于新星和超新星之间。在单星模型中,气体以约500-1000 km/s的速度喷射,以及可能的明亮电离闪光,需要激波从核心向外传播。使用自相似的解决方案,通过两个演化的恒星模型,一个6 Mo AGB星和一个11 Mo黄超巨星(YSG)星的信封,我们发现,所需的冲击,以解释所观察到的质量损失也eascites大部分的信封。我们还表明,事件有一个强大的电离闪光所需的能量驱逐大部分的信封。去除大部分的信封是与观察相矛盾的。我们的结论是,单星模型的演化巨星的CRTs遇到了严重的困难。
(Abridged). We introduce the Aarhus Red Giants Challenge, a series of detailed comparisons between widely used stellar evolution and oscillation codes aiming at establishing the minimum level of uncertainties in properties of red giants arising solely from numerical implementations. Using 9 state-of-the-art stellar evolution codes, we defined a set of input physics and physical constants for our calculations and calibrated the convective efficiency to a specific point on the main sequence. We produced evolutionary tracks and stellar structure models at fixed radius along the red-giant branch f…
Every Sun-like star will eventually evolve into a red giant, a transition which can profoundly affect the evolution of a surrounding planetary system. The timescale of dynamical planet evolution and orbital decay has important implications for planetary habitability, as well as post-main sequence star and planet interaction, evolution and internal structure. Here, we investigate these effects by estimating planet occurrence around 2476 low-luminosity red giant branch (LLRGB) stars observed by the NASA K2 mission. We measure stellar masses and radii using asteroseismology, with median random un…
Effects of Alpha-Element Enhancement and the Thermally Pulsing-Asymptotic Giant Branch on Surface Brightness Fluctuation Magnitudes and Broadband Colors
Understanding the fate of planetary systems through white dwarfs which accrete debris crucially relies on tracing the orbital and physical properties of exo-asteroids during the giant branch phase of stellar evolution. Giant branch luminosities exceed the Sun's by over three orders of magnitude, leading to significantly enhanced Yarkovsky and YORP effects on minor planets. Here, we place bounds on Yarkovsky-induced differential migration between asteroids and planets during giant branch mass loss by modelling one exo-Neptune with inner and outer exo-Kuiper belts. In our bounding models, the as…
Multiple stellar populations (MPs) representing star-to-star light-element abundance variations are common in nearly all ancient Galactic globular clusters. Here we provide the strongest evidence yet that the populous, ~ 1.7 Gyr-old Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 2173 also exhibits light-element abundance variations. Thus, our results suggest that NGC 2173 is the youngest cluster for which MPs have been confirmed to date. Our conclusion is based on the distinct bifurcation at the tip of its red-giant branch in high-quality color--magnitude diagrams generated from Hubble Space Telescope ima…
The Gradients in the 47 Tuc Red Giant Branch Bump and Horizontal Branch are Consistent With a Centrally-Concentrated, Helium-Enriched Second Stellar Generation
Owing to their simplicity and ease of application, seismic scaling relations are widely used to determine the properties of stars exhibiting solar-like oscillations, such as solar twins and red giants. So far, no seismic scaling relations for determining the ages of red giant stars have been developed. Such relations would be desirable for galactic archaeology, which uses stellar ages to map the history of the Milky Way. The ages of red giants must instead be estimated with reference to grids of theoretical stellar models, which can be computationally intensive. Here I present an exhaustive se…
We report an unbiased radio line survey towards the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars at the frequency range from 20 to 25 GHz, aiming to obtain a more complete unbiased picture of the chemical evolution in the final stages of stellar evolution. The observation sample includes the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216, the proto-planetary nebulae (PPNs) CRL\,2688 and CRL\,618, and the young planetary nebula (PN) NGC\,7027, representing an evolutionary sequence spanning about 10,000 years. Rotational transitions from cyanopolyyne chains and inversion lines from ammonia are detecte…