在行星间飞驰？由巨分支Yarkovsky效应辐射推进的小行星
Speeding past planets? Asteroids radiatively propelled by giant branch Yarkovsky effects
摘要：
通过吸积碎片的白矮星了解行星系的命运，关键在于追踪恒星演化巨分支阶段期间系外小行星的轨道和物理特性。巨分支的光度超过太阳的三个数量级，导致小行星上的Yarkovsky和YORP效应显着增强。在这里，我们放置在Yarkovsky引起的小行星和行星之间的差异迁移的界限，在巨大的分支质量损失建模一个外海王星与内部和外部外柯伊伯带。在我们的边界模型中，小行星在经过行星时移动得太快，以至于无法改变它们最终的命运，其范围可以是：（i）在10^4-10^5天文单位的系统外部区域中居住，（ii）被宿主恒星吞没，或者（iii）经历了雅可夫斯基引起的轨道倾角翻转，而没有任何雅可夫斯基引起的半长轴漂移。在这些剧烈的极限情况下，行星对半径小于10公里的小行星的暂时共振捕获是微不足道的，在行星的希尔球内捕获需要微调耗散。这里介绍的各种各样的结果表明，有必要在今后的研究中采用复杂的结构和辐射外小行星模型。确定金属污染小行星在白矮星周围的位置取决于对极端Yarkovsky物理学的理解。
英文摘要：
Understanding the fate of planetary systems through white dwarfs which accrete debris crucially relies on tracing the orbital and physical properties of exo-asteroids during the giant branch phase of stellar evolution. Giant branch luminosities exceed the Sun's by over three orders of magnitude, leading to significantly enhanced Yarkovsky and YORP effects on minor planets. Here, we place bounds on Yarkovsky-induced differential migration between asteroids and planets during giant branch mass loss by modelling one exo-Neptune with inner and outer exo-Kuiper belts. In our bounding models, the asteroids move too quickly past the planet to be diverted from their eventual fate, which can range from: (i) populating the outer regions of systems out to 10^4-10^5 au, (ii) being engulfed within the host star, or (iii) experiencing Yarkovsky-induced orbital inclination flipping without any Yarkovsky-induced semimajor axis drift. In these violent limiting cases, temporary resonant trapping of asteroids with radii of under about 10 km by the planet is insignificant, and capture within the planet's Hill sphere requires fine-tuned dissipation. The wide variety of outcomes presented here demonstrates the need to employ sophisticated structure and radiative exo-asteroid models in future studies. Determining where metal-polluting asteroids reside around a white dwarf depends on understanding extreme Yarkovsky physics.
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