涡和涡团上的横向力：自由体和涡核束缚准粒子的效应
Transverse force on a vortex and vortex mass: effects of free bulk and vortex-core bound quasiparticles
摘要：
本文重新评估了老的，但仍然有争议的问题的横向力的旋涡和涡的质量。在玻色和费米液体中，自由体准粒子对涡旋的横向力都来源于Aharonov-Bohm效应。然而，在费米液体中，应该考虑到的特点Aharonov-Bohm效应的BCS准粒子描述的两个组件的旋量波函数。与众所周知的说法相反，在超流费米液体中，横向力（来自自由体准粒子或来自涡核束缚准粒子）与涡核中的谱流之间没有联系。事实上，在运动涡旋的核心中不存在稳定的谱流，并且在SNS结中与Andreev束缚态的类比在这方面是不成立的，在SNS结中谱流是真正可能的。阐明了回流对涡量的作用。回流是涡核内外电流不匹配的必然结果，并恢复了这种不匹配所破坏的粒子数（电荷）守恒。在费米液体中，回流补偿了通过核心束缚态的电流，这是涡旋质量（Kopnin质量）的来源。这将导致重整化的科普宁涡质量的数值因子。
英文摘要：
The paper reassesses the old but still controversial problem of the transverse force on a vortex and the vortex mass. The transverse force from free bulk quasiparticles on the vortex, both in the Bose and the Fermi liquid, originates from the Aharonov--Bohm effect. However, in the Fermi liquid one should take into account peculiarities of the Aharonov--Bohm effect for BCS quasiparticles described by two-component spinor wave functions. There is no connection between the transverse force (either from free bulk quasiparticles or from vortex-core bound quasiparticles) and the spectral flow in the vortex core in superfluid Fermi liquid, in contrast to widely known claims. In fact, there is no steady spectral flow in the core of the moving vortex, and the analogy with the Andreev bound states in the SNS junction, where the spectral flow is really possible, is not valid in this respect. The role of the backflow on the vortex mass is clarified. The backflow is an inevitable consequence of a mismatch between the currents inside and outside the vortex core and restores the conservation of the particle number (charge) violated by this mismatch. In the Fermi liquid the backflow compensates the current through the core bound states, which is a source of the vortex mass (the Kopnin mass). This results in renormalization of the Kopnin vortex mass by a numerical factor.
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