磁振子BEC向轻Higgs准粒子的涡旋弛豫
Vortex-mediated relaxation of magnon BEC into light Higgs quasiparticles
摘要：
超流$^3$中的磁振子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体He是研究周围宏观量子系统的好仪器。在零温度下，由于量子真空中的动量和能量守恒，BEC会以几种不同的形式衰变为其他集体激发。我们研究了涡旋-希格斯机制：涡旋放松了动量守恒的要求，允许BEC的光学磁振子转变为轻希格斯准粒子。这一观察扩展了$^3$ He-B中磁准粒子之间可能的相互作用的光谱，为寻找诸如开尔文波级联或束缚马约拉纳费米子等难以捉摸的现象开辟了途径，并为构建基于磁振子的量子器件奠定了基础。
英文摘要：
A magnon Bose-Einstein condensate in superfluid $^3$He is a fine instrument for studying the surrounding macroscopic quantum system. At zero temperature, the BEC is subject to a few, distinct forms of decay into other collective excitations, owing to momentum and energy conservation in a quantum vacuum. We study the vortex-Higgs mechanism: the vortices relax the requirement for momentum conservation, allowing the optical magnons of the BEC to transform into light Higgs quasiparticles. This observation expands the spectrum of possible interactions between magnetic quasiparticles in $^3$He-B, opens pathways for hunting down elusive phenomena such as the Kelvin wave cascade or bound Majorana fermions, and lays groundwork for building magnon-based quantum devices.
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