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arXiv 1301.2626cs.DScs.CCcs.CG
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多对数时间内分子和图案的主动自组装

Active Self-Assembly of Algorithmic Shapes and Patterns in Polylogarithmic Time

Damien Woods, Ho-Lin Chen, Scott Goodfriend, Nadine Dabby, Erik Winfree, Peng Yin

摘要:

我们描述了一个计算模型,用于研究具有活性分子组分的自组装结构的复杂性。我们的模型捕捉到了生物系统中普遍存在的生长和运动的概念。该模型的灵感来自于生物学组装生物分子的奇妙能力,这些生物分子形成具有复杂结构和动力学的系统,从在刚性轨道上行走的分子马达和在有丝分裂期间动态改变细胞结构的蛋白质,到胚胎发育,其中大规模复杂的生物体有效地从单个细胞生长。使用这种主动自组装模型,我们展示了如何有效地自组装的形状和图案从简单的单体。例如,我们展示了如何在时间和单体状态的数量上生长一条单体线,这条线的长度仅仅是对数。我们的主要结果显示了如何增长任意连接的二维几何形状和图案在预期的时间,这是多对数的形状的大小,加上大致所需的时间来运行一个图灵机决定是否一个给定的像素的形状。我们这样做,同时保持单体类型的数量对数的形状大小,加上那些单体所需的形状或图案的柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂性。因此,这项工作突出了被动自组装的主动自组装的效率优势,并激励实验努力构建通用的主动分子自组装系统。

英文摘要:

We describe a computational model for studying the complexity of self-assembled structures with active molecular components. Our model captures notions of growth and movement ubiquitous in biological systems. The model is inspired by biology's fantastic ability to assemble biomolecules that form systems with complicated structure and dynamics, from molecular motors that walk on rigid tracks and proteins that dynamically alter the structure of the cell during mitosis, to embryonic development where large-scale complicated organisms efficiently grow from a single cell. Using this active self-assembly model, we show how to efficiently self-assemble shapes and patterns from simple monomers. For example, we show how to grow a line of monomers in time and number of monomer states that is merely logarithmic in the length of the line. Our main results show how to grow arbitrary connected two-dimensional geometric shapes and patterns in expected time that is polylogarithmic in the size of the shape, plus roughly the time required to run a Turing machine deciding whether or not a given pixel is in the shape. We do this while keeping the number of monomer types logarithmic in shape size, plus those monomers required by the Kolmogorov complexity of the shape or pattern. This work thus highlights the efficiency advantages of active self-assembly over passive self-assembly and motivates experimental effort to construct general-purpose active molecular self-assembly systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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