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arXiv 1301.0624astro-ph.CO
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维里区的X射线/SZ视图。II。气体质量分率

The X-ray/SZ view of the virial region. II. Gas mass fraction

Dominique Eckert, Stefano Ettori, Silvano Molendi, Franco Vazza, Stéphane Paltani

摘要:

最近的几项研究使用星系团的热气部分作为标准标尺来限制暗能量,与其他技术相比,这提供了具有竞争力的结果。然而,这种方法依赖于这样的假设,即星系团中的重子分数与宇宙值Ω_b/Ω_m一致,并且在不同的系统之间没有差异。我们测试这个假设,通过测量气体的质量分数在整个集群的体积在一个样本的本地集群。结合普朗克的SZ热压力和ROSAT的X射线气体密度,我们首次测量了大样本团簇中维里半径及以上的平均气体分数(fgas)。我们还获得了18个单独的系统,我们用来计算的平均值周围的不同半径的fgas的散射和它的依赖于集群的温度的气体分数的方位角平均测量。气体质量分数随半径增加而增加,并在接近R200时达到宇宙重子分数。在R200处,我们测量fgas,200 = 0.176 +/-0.009。我们发现放松,冷芯(CC)系统和非放松,非冷芯(NCC)集群的外部区域的重子分数之间的显着差异。平均而言,NCC星系团中的气体分数略高于宇宙重子分数,而在CC系统中,当考虑恒星含量时,气体分数收敛到预期值,没有任何证据表明从一个系统到另一个系统的变化。我们发现,在NCC系统的fgas估计略有不同意接近R200的宇宙值。这一结果可以用违反流体静力平衡假设或气体质量分布不均匀来解释。相反,冷核星系团在密度大于200时对fgas提供了可靠的约束,这使得它们适合于宇宙学研究。

英文摘要:

Several recent studies used the hot gas fraction of galaxy clusters as a standard ruler to constrain dark energy, which provides competitive results compared to other techniques. This method, however, relies on the assumption that the baryon fraction in clusters agrees with the cosmic value Omega_b/Omega_m, and does not differ from one system to another. We test this hypothesis by measuring the gas mass fraction over the entire cluster volume in a sample of local clusters. Combining the SZ thermal pressure from Planck and the X-ray gas density from ROSAT, we measured for the first time the average gas fraction (fgas) out to the virial radius and beyond in a large sample of clusters. We also obtained azimuthally-averaged measurements of the gas fraction for 18 individual systems, which we used to compute the scatter of fgas around the mean value at different radii and its dependence on the cluster's temperature. The gas mass fraction increases with radius and reaches the cosmic baryon fraction close to R200. At R200, we measure fgas,200=0.176+/-0.009. We find significant differences between the baryon fraction of relaxed, cool-core (CC) systems and unrelaxed, non-cool core (NCC) clusters in the outer regions. In average, the gas fraction in NCC clusters slightly exceeds the cosmic baryon fraction, while in CC systems the gas fraction converges to the expected value when accounting for the stellar content, without any evidence for variations from one system to another. We find that fgas estimates in NCC systems slightly disagree with the cosmic value approaching R200. This result could be explained either by a violation of the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium or by an inhomogeneous distribution of the gas mass. Conversely, cool-core clusters are found to provide reliable constraints on fgas at overdensities >200, which makes them suitable for cosmological studies.

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