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arXiv 1210.7843cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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人工自旋冰中的不快乐顶点:顶点挫折的退化

Unhappy Vertices in Artificial Spin Ice: Degeneracy from Vertex-Frustration

Muir J. Morrison, Tammie R. Nelson, Cristiano Nisoli

摘要:

1935年,鲍林通过考虑冰规则{ \it仅在顶点水平}的简并性,以惊人的精度估计了水冰的剩余熵。事实上,他的估计对三维烧绿石晶格和Lieb在1967年解决的二维六顶点模型都很有效。蜂窝状人工自旋冰的情况是类似的:它的伪冰规则,就像鲍林和利布系统中的冰规则一样,只是将已经存在于顶点中的简并性扩展到全局基态。磁相互作用的各向异性限制了人工自旋冰中固有简并顶点的设计,而蜂窝是迄今为止唯一产生的简并阵列。在本文中,我们将展示如何工程师人工自旋冰在一个几乎无限的各种退化的几何形状建成的非退化顶点。在这类新的顶点模型中,剩余熵不是来自顶点层次的选择自由,而是来自顶点本身的非平凡相对排列。在这样的阵列中,存在回路,沿着这些回路,并非所有的顶点都可以在它们的最低能量配置中被选择:这些回路因此是顶点受挫的,因为它们包含不快乐的顶点。剩余熵在这些晶格中以构型自由的形式出现,分配基态的不幸顶点。这些新的几何形状将最终允许制造许多新的广泛简并的人工自旋冰。

英文摘要:

In 1935, Pauling estimated the residual entropy of water ice with remarkable accuracy by considering the degeneracy of the ice rule {\it solely at the vertex level}. Indeed, his estimate works well for both the three-dimensional pyrochlore lattice and the two-dimensional six-vertex model, solved by Lieb in 1967. The case of honeycomb artificial spin ice is similar: its pseudo-ice rule, like the ice rule in Pauling and Lieb's systems, simply extends a degeneracy which is already present in the vertices to the global ground state. The anisotropy of the magnetic interaction limits the design of inherently degenerate vertices in artificial spin ice, and the honeycomb is the only degenerate array produced so far. In this paper we show how to engineer artificial spin ice in a virtually infinite variety of degenerate geometries built out of non-degenerate vertices. In this new class of vertex models, the residual entropy follows not from a freedom of choice at the vertex level, but from the nontrivial relative arrangement of the vertices themselves. In such arrays, loops exist along which not all of the vertices can be chosen in their lowest energy configuration: these loops are therefore vertex-frustrated since they contain unhappy vertices. Residual entropy emerges in these lattices as configurational freedom in allocating the unhappy vertices of the ground state. These new geometries will finally allow for the fabrication of many novel extensively degenerate artificial spin ice.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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