arXiv 1209.57452012-09astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ph

暗宇宙的数值模拟：技术现状和未来十年

Numerical Simulations of the Dark Universe: State of the Art and the Next Decade

Michael Kuhlen, Mark Vogelsberger, Raul Angulo

备注：: 54 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables; invited contribution to the special issue "The next decade in Dark Matter and Dark Energy" of the new Open Access journal "Physics of the Dark Universe". Replaced with accepted version

摘要：

我们提出了一个宇宙学暗物质模拟的艺术现状的审查，特别强调的影响暗物质探测工作和暗能量的研究。这篇评论是为粒子物理学家准备的，他们可能会发现宇宙学模拟文献不透明或令人困惑，也为天体物理学家准备的，他们可能不熟悉暗物质和暗能量的观测和实验探测模拟的作用。我们的工作是对M.巴尔迪在这一期，其中侧重于治疗的暗能量和宇宙加速专用N体模拟。真正大规模的暗物质模拟正在国家超级计算中心进行，使用数十亿到超过5万亿个粒子来模拟宇宙学代表性体积（宇宙尺度）的形成和演化，或放大单个晕（星系团和星系尺度）。这些模拟需要花费数百万核心小时，需要数十到数百TB的内存，并使用高达PB的磁盘存储。该领域在国际上非常多样化，在中国，法国，德国，韩国，西班牙和美国都进行了顶级模拟。从这样的模拟预测几乎涉及到暗物质和暗能量研究的每一个方面，我们给出了这种联系的全面概述。我们还讨论了冷和碰撞DM-唯一的方法的局限性，并描述了一些详细的努力，包括不同的粒子物理学以及重子物理学在宇宙学星系形成模拟，包括最近的结果，突出的暗物质的分布在晕可能会改变的讨论。最后，我们展望了未来十年，提出了我们对该领域如何取得进展的看法。（节略）

英文摘要：

We present a review of the current state of the art of cosmological dark matter simulations, with particular emphasis on the implications for dark matter detection efforts and studies of dark energy. This review is intended both for particle physicists, who may find the cosmological simulation literature opaque or confusing, and for astro-physicists, who may not be familiar with the role of simulations for observational and experimental probes of dark matter and dark energy. Our work is complementary to the contribution by M. Baldi in this issue, which focuses on the treatment of dark energy and cosmic acceleration in dedicated N-body simulations. Truly massive dark matter-only simulations are being conducted on national supercomputing centers, employing from several billion to over half a trillion particles to simulate the formation and evolution of cosmologically representative volumes (cosmic scale) or to zoom in on individual halos (cluster and galactic scale). These simulations cost millions of core-hours, require tens to hundreds of terabytes of memory, and use up to petabytes of disk storage. The field is quite internationally diverse, with top simulations having been run in China, France, Germany, Korea, Spain, and the USA. Predictions from such simulations touch on almost every aspect of dark matter and dark energy studies, and we give a comprehensive overview of this connection. We also discuss the limitations of the cold and collisionless DM-only approach, and describe in some detail efforts to include different particle physics as well as baryonic physics in cosmological galaxy formation simulations, including a discussion of recent results highlighting how the distribution of dark matter in halos may be altered. We end with an outlook for the next decade, presenting our view of how the field can be expected to progress. (abridged)

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