在本文中,我们估计了在一个宽视场的调查,如将由欧几里得空间任务,假设一个ΛCDM宇宙学操作的引力弧可检测的数量。我们使用公开可用的代码MOKA模拟引力透镜获得现实的偏转角地图。通过光线跟踪代码处理这些图,以估计每个透镜的强透镜效应截面。我们的方法包括:1)产生一个光锥,它是由理论质量函数绘制的透镜填充的; 2)使用具有NFW的三轴光晕对每个单个透镜进行建模(Navarro-Frenk-White)密度分布和理论浓度-质量关系,包括子结构,3)确定作为光锥中每个透镜的红移的函数的透镜化截面,(4)模拟模拟观测以表征在欧几里德图像中可检测的源的红移分布。我们重点研究了所谓的巨型弧,即以大长宽比(l/w > 5,7.5和10)为特征的引力弧。我们量化的电弧可检测性在不同的显着性以上的水平的背景。执行128个不同的实现15,000平方米。度调查,我们发现当l/w>5,7.5和10时,在局部背景以上1σ处可检测到的弧数分别为8912,2914和1275。对于高于背景水平3σ的检测限,预期弧数降至2409、790和346。从我们的分析中,我们发现,大部分的透镜,有助于透镜的光学深度位于红移0.4<zl <0.7 and that the 50% of the arcs are images of sources at zs >3。这是欧几里德观测到的强透镜群的完整特征的第一步。[删节]
英文摘要:
In this paper we estimate the number of gravitational arcs detectable in a wide-field survey such as that which will be operated by the Euclid space mission, assuming a ΛCDM cosmology. We use the publicly available code MOKA to obtain realistic deflection angle maps of mock gravitational lenses. The maps are processed by a ray-tracing code to estimate the strong lensing cross sections of each lens. Our procedure involves 1) the generation of a light-cone which is populated with lenses drawn from a theoretical mass-function; 2) the modeling of each single lens using a triaxial halo with a NFW (Navarro-Frenk-White) density profile and theoretical concentration-mass relation, including substructures, 3) the determination of the lensing cross section as a function of redshift for each lens in the light-cone, 4) the simulation of mock observations to characterize the redshift distribution of sources that will be detectable in the Euclid images. We focus on the so-called giant arcs, i.e. gravitational arcs characterized by large length-to-width ratios (l/w > 5, 7.5 and 10). We quantify the arc detectability at different significances above the level of the background. Performing 128 different realizations of a 15,000 sq. degree survey, we find that the number of arcs detectable at 1σ above the local background will be 8912,2914, and 1275 for l/w>5, 7.5 and 10, respectively. The expected arc numbers decrease to 2409, 790, and 346 for a detection limit at 3σ above the background level. From our analysis, we find that most of the lenses which contribute to the lensing optical depth are located at redshifts 0.4<zl<0.7 and that the 50% of the arcs are images of sources at zs > 3. This is the first step towards the full characterization of the population of strong lenses that will be observed by Euclid. [abridged]
Source REconstruction of Arcs behind Cluster Halos (SourceREACH): A New Source Reconstruction Algorithm Optimized for Giant Arcs and Galaxy Cluster Lenses
我们确定新的强透镜星系团从斯隆数字巡天III(SDSS DR 8)通过目视检查的星系团的大样本的彩色图像。我们发现68个新的集群显示巨大的弧除了30个已知的透镜系统。在68个例子中,13个集群是“几乎确定”的透镜系统与切向巨弧,22个集群是“可能的”和31个集群是“可能的”透镜系统。我们还发现了两个奇异的蓝环系统。巨大的弧与明亮的中央星系的角距为2.0”-25.7”。我们注意到,丰富的集群更有可能是透镜系统,弧和中央星系之间的分离增加集群丰富。
JWST Discovery of Strong Lensing from a Galaxy Cluster at Cosmic Noon: Giant Arcs and a Highly Concentrated Core of XLSSC 122
California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Yonsei University(延世大学);University of California, Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天体宇宙科学研究所);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校)
Caustic crossings in giant arcs with extended dark matter objects
Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, Durham University(达勒姆大学粒子物理现象学研究所);Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所)
Constraints from the Giant Arc in Abell 370. A New Framework for Understanding Systematic Errors in Cluster Lens Modeling. IV. Constraints from the Giant Arc in Abell 370
星系团具有巨大的质量,可以充当引力透镜。星系团后面的星系团可以被透镜扭曲,在图像中形成弧形。本文利用SDSS数据对星系团的巨透镜弧进行了研究。通过对SDSS DR 8和Stripe 82数据中新识别的聚类的SDSS图像进行视觉检查,我们发现了8个强透镜聚类以及另外3个可能和6个可能的情况。透镜弧的颜色比星系团的成员星系更蓝。计算了弧内星系团的质量和光学光度,发现其质光比在几十个M_Solar/L_Solar的范围内,与已知的透镜星系团的分布一致。
Kinematic Mapping of Giant Arcs: A New Method to Locate Lensing Critical Curves
University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Wuhan University(武汉大学);Shanghai Jiao-Tong University(上海交通大学);Fudan University(复旦大学);Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校伯克利宇宙物理学中心);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所(西班牙高等科学研究委员会-坎塔布里亚大学));Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛史密森天体物理中心);Chiba University(千叶大学)