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arXiv 1209.2120astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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从全球高红移HI 21 cm信号看暗物质的性质

The nature of dark matter from the global high redshift HI 21 cm signal

Marcos Valdés, Carmelo Evoli, Andrei Mesinger, Andrea Ferrara, Naoki Yoshida

摘要:

我们研究了从黑暗时代到宇宙再电离的暗物质湮灭对全球21 cm信号的影响。最近的观察的动机,我们专注于三个DM候选人:(i)10 GeV的Bino类中性伴子(ii)200 GeV的Wino和(iii)1 TeV的重粒子湮灭成轻子。对于每个DM候选项,我们假设热平均湮没截面σv有两个值,标准热值σv_th = 3 x 10^-26 cm^3 s^-1和WMAP 7数据允许的最大值σv_max。我们包括DM湮灭由于崩溃的结构,到星系际介质(IGM)的能量沉积的详细估计,以及现实的处方紫外线和X射线辐射的天体物理源的增强。在这些模型中,DM湮灭产生的附加热输入抑制了平均21 cm亮温偏移δTb ~ few-100 mK。特别是,第一个星系的流行模型预测的非常深的δTb ~ -150 mK吸收特征在~20 < z < 25处被一些考虑的DM候选者大大减少或完全消除。IGM加热的这种增强可能来自DM湮灭或比预期更强的天体物理成分(即丰富的早期X射线源)。然而,我们发现这两个特征并不是简并的,因为DM加热是由比宿主星系小几个数量级的晕主导的,它们的分数丰度演化更慢,导致更小的梯度:d δTb/d ν< 4 mK/MHz,范围ν~60-80 MHz。未来的射电望远镜探测到这样的信号将是DM能量注入高红移的明确证据。

英文摘要:

We study the imprint of dark matter (DM) annihilation on the global 21 cm signal from the Dark Ages to Cosmic Reionization. Motivated by recent observations, we focus on three DM candidates: (i) a 10 GeV Bino-like neutralino (ii) a 200 GeV Wino and (iii) a 1 TeV heavier particle annihilating into leptons. For each DM candidate we assume two values for the thermally averaged annihilation cross section σv, the standard thermal value σv_th = 3 x 10^-26 cm^3 s^-1 and the maximum value allowed by WMAP7 data, σv_max. We include the enhancement of DM annihilations due to collapsed structures, detailed estimates of energy deposition into the intergalactic medium (IGM), as well realistic prescriptions for astrophysical sources of UV and X-ray radiation. In these models, the additional heat input from DM annihilation suppresses the mean 21cm brightness temperature offset by δTb ~ few-100 mK. In particular, the very deep δTb ~ -150 mK absorption feature at ~20 < z < 25 predicted by popular models of the first galaxies is considerably reduced or totally erased by some of the considered DM candidates. Such an enhancement in IGM heating could come from either DM annihilations or a stronger-than-expected astrophysical component (i.e. abundant early X-ray sources). However, we find that the two signatures are not degenerate, since the DM heating is dominated by halos several orders of magnitude smaller than those hosting galaxies, whose fractional abundance evolves more slowly resulting in a smaller gradient: d δTb/d ν< 4 mK/MHz in the range ν~60-80 MHz. The detection of such signals by future radio telescopes would be clear evidence of DM energy injection at high-redshifts.

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