The optical [N I] doublet near 5200 Å is anomalously strong in a variety of emission-line objects. We compute a detailed photoionization model and use it to show that pumping by far-ultraviolet (FUV) stellar radiation previously posited as a general explanation applies to the Orion Nebula (M42) and its companion M43; but, it is unlikely to explain planetary nebulae and supernova remnants. Our models establish that the observed nearly constant equivalent width of [N I] with respect to the dust-scattered stellar continuum depends primarily on three factors: the FUV to visual-band flux ratio of the stellar population; the optical properties of the dust; and the line broadening where the pumping occurs. In contrast, the intensity ratio [N I]/Hβ depends primarily on the FUV to extreme-ultraviolet ratio, which varies strongly with the spectral type of the exciting star. This is consistent with the observed difference of a factor of five between M42 and M43, which are excited by an O7 and B0.5 star respectively. We derive a non-thermal broadening of order 5 km/s for the [N I] pumping zone and show that the broadening mechanism must be different from the large-scale turbulent motions that have been suggested to explain the line-widths in this H II region. A mechanism is required that operates at scales of a few astronomical units, which may be driven by thermal instabilities of neutral gas in the range 1000 to 3000 K. In an appendix, we describe how collisional and radiative processes are treated in the detailed model N I atom now included in the Cloudy plasma code.
The AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. II. Implications for Nebular Dust Corrections, Nebular SFRs, and Differential Reddening
University of California, Riverside(加州大学河滨分校);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of California, Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);University College London(伦敦大学学院)
The Importance of Nebular Continuum and Line Emission in Observations of Young Massive Star Clusters
在这个光谱学研究的婴儿大质量星团,我们发现,连续发射的电离气体竞争对手的恒星光度在光学波长。此外,我们发现星云线发射在许多常用的宽带HST滤波器,包括F814 W I波段,F555 W V波段和F435 W B波段是显着的。NGC 4449中的两个年轻的大质量星团(YMC)是在Reines等人(2008 a)在对银河系中的射电探测到的星团进行光度学研究时发现F814 W I波段过剩后进行光谱观测的目标。光谱是用3.5米APO望远镜上的双成像光谱仪获得的。我们补充这些数据与HST和SDSS测光。通过比较我们的数据Starburst 99和GALEV模型,我们发现,在我们的观测中,星云的连续辐射与恒星光的竞争,并在U-和I-波段的相对贡献是最大的,那里的Balmer和Paschen跳跃的位置。光谱还表现出强的线发射,包括HST F814 W I带中的[SIII] 9069,9532线。我们发现,星云连续谱和线发射的结合可以解释Reines等人(2008 a)发现的F814 W I波段过剩。在努力提供一个基准,估计电离气体排放的影响测光观测的YMC,我们计算的恒星连续,星云连续,和发射线的总通量的3百万岁的集群通过各种HST过滤器/仪器组合,包括过滤器在WFC 3的相对贡献。在比较YMC的观测与演化合成模型时,我们敦促谨慎,因为星云发射可能对年轻(<500万年)星团的大小和颜色产生很大影…
The JWST/AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. I. A Diversity of Nebular Attenuation Curves and Evidence for Non-Unity Dust Covering Fractions
University of California, Riverside(加州大学河滨分校);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of Kentucky(肯塔基大学);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University College London(伦敦大学学院);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所)
Blue galaxies: modelling nebular He II emission in high redshift galaxies
利用宇宙学模拟来进行有用的、科学上相关的发射线预测是一个相对较新且发展迅速的领域。然而,星云发射线的建模特别具有挑战性,因为它们对局部光电离平衡非常敏感,这可以由空间分散的恒星分布在尘埃和气体的不均匀吸收介质中驱动。因此,在观测到的发射线图案中存在几个未建模的奥秘。例如,在低金属丰度矮星系的观测中,He II $λ4686$ /H $β$的比值为何会比模型预测的要高,这是一个疑问。由于流体动力学宇宙学模拟最适合这种质量和金属丰度制度,这个问题提出了一个很好的测试案例,一个强大的发射线建模管道的发展。在这项工作中描述的流水线可以模拟的过程中,产生高的He II $λ4686$ /H $β$的比率,并消除一些建模的差异,低于3%的比率不包括活动星系核,X射线双星,高质量双星,或头重脚轻的恒星初始质量函数。这些比率被发现是更敏感的存在下,15万年或更长的差距在恒星形成的历史比非凡的电离参数或特定的恒星形成率。这项工作也为下一代星云发射线建模研究指明了前进的道路。
The Internal Nebular Attenuation Curve of Three-Dimensional Turbulent HII regions
Westlake University(西湖大学);Mount Stromlo Observatory, Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学斯特罗洛天文台);Department of Astronomy, Boston University(波士顿大学天文学系);School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study(普林斯顿高等研究院自然科学学院)
A Peculiar Type~II QSO Identified via Broad-band Detection of Extreme Nebular Line Emission
我们提出了S82-20,一个不寻常的红移$\approx$ 3对象中确定的SDSS条纹82宽带图像。S82-20的静止帧紫外光谱显示了来自高度电离物质的发射线,包括HeII PDMATHAMN 1640和CIV $λλ$ 1548、1550以及OVI $λλ$ 1032、1038双重峰。高的Ly $α$光度($3.5\times 10^{44}$ erg s $^{-1}$)、高的发射线等效宽度($>200$ erg s for Ly $α$)、发射线的半高宽($<800$ km s $^{-1}$)和高电离度的OVI线都支持S82-20是一个Ⅱ型类星体的解释。然而,光电离模型使用II型类星体不能完全解释测量的CIV/HeII线比,这需要一些贡献,恒星形成或高速冲击。此外,S82-20在波长超过2 $μ$ m时没有被探测到,这与发光类星体的各向同性红外发射的预期相矛盾。我们认为,S82-20是一个罕见的例子,变化的外观类星体,观察到在一个暂时的低状态,宽线区已经褪色,而窄线区仍然发射线的可能性。否则,它可能是一个罕见的情况下,一个大质量星系的生命的短期阶段,其中活跃的恒星形成和吸积到超大质量黑洞共存。
Comparing the Nebular and Stellar Dust Attenuation Curves in Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI)(韩国天文与空间科学研究院);Department of Earth Science Education, Kyungpook National University(庆北国立大学地球科学教育系);Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University(忠南国立大学天文学与空间科学系);Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University(首尔国立大学物理天文学系天文学项目);SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University(首尔国立大学天文研究中心);Institute for Data Innovation in Science, Seoul National University(首尔国立大学数据创新科学研究院)
JWST View of the Supernebula in NGC 5253. II. Nebular Lines
Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文学系);Chalmers Institute of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);Academia Sinica Astronomy and Astrophysics(中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所);New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology(新墨西哥矿业理工学院);Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica(国家天体物理学、光学和电子学研究所)
Paschen Jumps in Little Red Dots: Evidence for Nebular Continua
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理系天体物理学);School of Mathematics and Physics, Astrophysics Research Centre, Queen’s University Belfast(贝尔法斯特女王大学数学与物理学院天体物理学研究中心)
The importance of radiative pumping on the emission of the H_2O submillimeter lines in galaxies
H_2O submillimeter emission is a powerful diagnostic of the molecular interstellar medium in a variety of sources, including low- and high-mass star forming regions of the Milky Way, and from local to high redshift galaxies. However, the excitation mechanism of these lines in galaxies has been debated, preventing a basic consensus on the physical information that H_2O provides. Both radiative pumping due to H_2O absorption of far-infrared photons emitted by dust and collisional excitation in dense shocked gas have been proposed to explain the H_2O emission. Here we propose two basic diagnostic…
Collisional Pumping of OH Masers near Supernova Remnants
研究了超新星遗迹附近非离解C型激波中OH脉泽的碰撞抽运。本文研究了不同激波参数--激波速度、震前气体密度、宇宙线电离率和磁场强度--下OH线脉泽发射的出现。在1720 MHz谱线中,在高气体电离率$ζ\geq 10^{-15}$ s $^{-1}$、初始密度$n_{\rm H,0} \leq 2 \times 10^4$ cm $^{-3}$和激波速度$u_{\rm s} \geq 20$ km s $^{-1}$时,达到最大的光学深度。根据我们的计算,也有一个能级粒子数反转为6049和4765 MHz的激发OH转动态的跃迁。然而,在这些线的光学深度是小的所有调查的冲击参数,这解释了未检测到的微波激射发射在这些线在超新星遗迹。
A Galaxy with an Extremely Blue UV Slope $β=-3$ at $z=9.25$ Identified by JWST Spectroscopy: Evidence for a Weak Nebular Continuum and Efficient Ionizing Photon Escape?
Nebular Emission Line Ratios in z~2-3 Star-Forming Galaxies with KBSS-MOSFIRE: Exploring the Impact of Ionization, Excitation, and Nitrogen-to-Oxygen Ratio
Stellar Absorption Line Analysis of Local Star-Forming Galaxies: The Relation Between Stellar Mass, Metallicity, Dust Attenuation and Star Formation Rate