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arXiv 1208.4602astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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拯救Milky Way:星系大小系统中大质量矮星性质的变化

Bailing Out the Milky Way: Variation in the Properties of Massive Dwarfs Among Galaxy-Sized Systems

Chris W. Purcell, Andrew R. Zentner

摘要:

最近对银河系矮卫星内部密度的运动学约束揭示了与等级结构形成的标准CDM模型中模拟银河系尺度晕的subhalo种群的差异。这被称为“太大而不能倒”的问题,指的是银河系环境中不太可能存在大型和不可见的同伴。在本文中,我们认为,银河系的观测和模拟的subhalos是一致的结构形成的标准模型的预测。具体来说,我们发现,有显着的变化,在不同的主机之间的固定质量的晕的subhalos属性,并建议,这可以合理地解释银河系中的致密卫星的赤字。我们利用久经考验的分析技术来预测的性质,在一个大样本的不同的主机晕的各种质量跨越预期的范围内的星系晕。分析模型产生的subhalo人口与通过Lactea II和宝瓶座一致,我们的研究结果表明,subhalo属性的自然变化足以解释银河系卫星运动学和这些数值模拟之间的差异。在银河系大小的晕中,至少有10%的亚晕群不存在“太大而不能倒”的问题,即使主晕质量大到M_host = 10^12.2 h^-1 M_sun。后续研究包括对大量银河系大小的宿主进行高分辨率模拟,这对证实我们的预测是必要的。如果没有这些努力,“太大而不能倒”的问题似乎不会对等级制形成的标准模型构成重大挑战。[删节]

英文摘要:

Recent kinematical constraints on the internal densities of the Milky Way's dwarf satellites have revealed a discrepancy with the subhalo populations of simulated Galaxy-scale halos in the standard CDM model of hierarchical structure formation. This has been dubbed the "too big to fail" problem, with reference to the improbability of large and invisible companions existing in the Galactic environment. In this paper, we argue that both the Milky Way observations and simulated subhalos are consistent with the predictions of the standard model for structure formation. Specifically, we show that there is significant variation in the properties of subhalos among distinct host halos of fixed mass and suggest that this can reasonably account for the deficit of dense satellites in the Milky Way. We exploit well-tested analytic techniques to predict the properties in a large sample of distinct host halos with a variety of masses spanning the range expected of the Galactic halo. The analytic model produces subhalo populations consistent with both Via Lactea II and Aquarius, and our results suggest that natural variation in subhalo properties suffices to explain the discrepancy between Milky Way satellite kinematics and these numerical simulations. At least ~10% of Milky Way-sized halos host subhalo populations for which there is no "too big to fail" problem, even when the host halo mass is as large as M_host = 10^12.2 h^-1 M_sun. Follow-up studies consisting of high-resolution simulations of a large number of Milky Way-sized hosts are necessary to confirm our predictions. In the absence of such efforts, the "too big to fail" problem does not appear to be a significant challenge to the standard model of hierarchical formation. [abridged]

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