arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1207.0832physics.soc-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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行人排队行走的特性:步进行为

Properties of pedestrians walking in line: Stepping behavior

Asja Jelić, Cécile Appert-Rolland, Samuel Lemercier, Julien Pettré

摘要:

在人类群体中,个体之间的相互作用会产生各种自组织的集体运动,这些运动有助于群体有效地解决协调问题。然而,人们仍然不知道人类是如何在当地调整他们的行为的,也不知道对紧急组织的直接后果是什么。调整个体运动的基本机制之一是步进动力学。在本文中,我们提出了第一个定量分析的步进行为的一维行人流在受控的实验室条件下进行了研究。我们发现,步的长度是成正比的速度的行人,并直接关系到在他面前的可用空间,而步的持续时间的变化要小得多。这是在孤立的行人进行的运动研究,并表明,当地的密度有直接的影响上的步进特性。此外,我们研究的同步现象-走在锁步-并显示其依赖于流量密度。我们发现,在高密度的步骤的同步是特别重要的,这有直接的影响,在拥挤的情况下,优化行人流量的研究。然而,小的同步和反同步效应也被发现在非常低的密度,连续的行人之间不存在空间限制,显示出自然的趋势,同步根据感知的视觉信号。

英文摘要:

In human crowds, interactions among individuals give rise to a variety of self-organized collective motions that help the group to effectively solve the problem of coordination. However, it is still not known exactly how humans adjust their behavior locally, nor what are the direct consequences on the emergent organization. One of the underlying mechanisms of adjusting individual motions is the stepping dynamics. In this paper, we present first quantitative analysis on the stepping behavior in a one-dimensional pedestrian flow studied under controlled laboratory conditions. We find that the step length is proportional to the velocity of the pedestrian, and is directly related to the space available in front of him, while the variations of the step duration are much smaller. This is in contrast with locomotion studies performed on isolated pedestrians and shows that the local density has a direct influence on the stepping characteristics. Furthermore, we study the phenomena of synchronization -walking in lockstep- and show its dependence on flow densities. We show that the synchronization of steps is particularly important at high densities, which has direct impact on the studies of optimizing pedestrians flow in congested situations. However, small synchronization and antisynchronization effects are found also at very low densities, for which no steric constraints exist between successive pedestrians, showing the natural tendency to synchronize according to perceived visual signals.

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