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arXiv 1207.0264astro-ph.COgr-qc
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Friedmann世界模型的完全非线性和精确扰动

Fully nonlinear and exact perturbations of the Friedmann world model

Jai-chan Hwang, Hyerim Noh

摘要:

在1988年Barthel提出了一个务实的制定宇宙学扰动理论是强大的在实践中采用各种基本规范条件很容易取决于性质的问题。微扰方程的提出没有固定的时间规范条件,并安排,使人们可以很容易地施加基本规范条件,只需设置一个扰动变量的方程等于零。通过这种方式,人们可以使用规范自由度作为处理问题的优势。除同步规范条件外,所有其他基本规范条件都完全固定了规范模,因此,这种规范中的每一个变量都有唯一的规范不变对应物,从而我们可以把它确定为规范不变变量。在这里,我们将Barnut的线性公式扩展到完全非线性的扰动阶,规范优势保持不变。导出的方程是精确的,从这些我们可以很容易地扩展到更高阶的微扰规范准备的形式。我们考虑了平面背景下理想流体的标量和矢量型扰动,并给出了理想流体的多分量情形。作为应用,我们提出了完全非线性密度和速度扰动方程在爱因斯坦的重力在零压力介质中,涡产生纯标量型扰动,和流体制剂的最小耦合标量场,所有在共动规范。我们还给出了纯标量和矢量型扰动产生的引力波方程。

英文摘要:

In 1988 Bardeen has suggested a pragmatic formulation of cosmological perturbation theory which is powerful in practice to employ various fundamental gauge conditions easily depending on the character of the problem. The perturbation equations are presented without fixing the temporal gauge condition and are arranged so that one can easily impose fundamental gauge conditions by simply setting one of the perturbation variables in the equations equal to zero. In this way one can use the gauge degrees of freedom as an advantage in handling problems. Except for the synchronous gauge condition, all the other fundamental gauge conditions completely fix the gauge mode, and consequently, each variable in such a gauge has a unique gauge invariant counterpart, so that we can identify the variable as the gauge-invariant one. Here, we extend Bardeen's linear formulation to fully nonlinear order in perturbations, with the gauge advantage kept intact. Derived equations are exact, and from these we can easily expand to higher order perturbations in a gauge-ready form. We consider scalar- and vector-type perturbations of an ideal fluid in a flat background; we also present the multiple components of ideal fluid case. As applications we present fully nonlinear density and velocity perturbation equations in Einstein's gravity in the zero-pressure medium, vorticity generation from pure scalar-type perturbation, and fluid formulation of a minimally coupled scalar field, all in the comoving gauge. We also present the equation of gravitational waves generated from pure scalar- and vector-type perturbations.

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