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arXiv 1206.6492astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.SR
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电离辐射对分子云的扩散

Dispersal of molecular clouds by ionising radiation

S. Walch, A. P. Whitworth, T. Bisbas, R. Wunsch, D. Hubber

摘要:

来自大质量恒星的反馈作用被认为是分子云演化的关键因素。我们使用高分辨率的3D SPH模拟来探索位于分子云中心的单个O 7恒星的动力学效应,该分子云的质量为10^4M_sun,半径为6.4pc。云的初始内部结构的特征在于它的分形维数,D=2.0 - 2.8,和它的对数正态密度PDF。(i)至于恒星的形成,在短期内电离反馈是积极的,在这个意义上,恒星的形成发生在被电离气体的高压压缩的气体中更快。然而,从长远来看,电离反馈是负的,在这个意义上,大部分云以高达~ 0.01 M_sun/yr的流出率分散,在时间尺度上与电离气体的声音穿越时间(~1- 200万年)相当,因此触发的恒星形成仅限于云质量的百分之几。(ii)至于形态的电离锋(IFs)界定的HII区域和系统的外流气体,我们区分两个制度。对于低D<=2.2,初始云由大尺度结构主导,因此中性气体倾向于被卷入几个扩展的相干壳层,电离气体通过这些壳层之间的几个大孔喷出;我们称这些HII区域为“壳层主导”。相反,对于高D>=2.6,初始云由小尺度结构主导,并且这些结构很快被前进的IF超越,从而产生中性柱,而电离气体通过柱之间的大量小孔喷出;我们将这些HII区域称为“柱主导”。(iii)至于大量动能的注入,在~ 100万年前,HII区的膨胀已经提供了~ 6 km/s的均方根速度;这代表了O 7星辐射总能量的不到0.1%。

英文摘要:

The role of feedback from massive stars is believed to be a key element in the evolution of molecular clouds. We use high-resolution 3D SPH simulations to explore the dynamical effects of a single O7 star located at the centre of a molecular cloud with mass 10^4M_sun and radius 6.4pc. The initial internal structure of the cloud is characterised by its fractal dimension, D=2.0 - 2.8, and its log-normal density PDF. (i) As regards star formation, in the short term ionising feedback is positive, in the sense that star formation occurs much more quickly in gas that is compressed by the high pressure of the ionised gas. However, in the long term ionising feedback is negative, in the sense that most of the cloud is dispersed with an outflow rate of up to ~0.01M_sun/yr, on a timescale comparable with the sound-crossing time for the ionised gas (~1-2Myr), and triggered star formation is therefore limited to a few percent of the cloud's mass. (ii) As regards the morphology of the ionisation fronts (IFs) bounding the HII region and the systematics of outflowing gas, we distinguish two regimes. For low D<=2.2, the initial cloud is dominated by large-scale structures, so the neutral gas tends to be swept up into a few extended coherent shells, and the ionised gas blows out through a few large holes between these shells; we term these HII regions "shell-dominated". Conversely, for high D>=2.6, the initial cloud is dominated by small-scale structures, and these are quickly overrun by the advancing IF, thereby producing neutral pillars whilst the ionised gas blows out through a large number of small holes between the pillars; we term these HII regions "pillar-dominated". (iii) As regards the injection of bulk kinetic energy, by ~1Myr, the expansion of the HII region has delivered a rms velocity of ~6km/s; this represents less than 0.1% of the total energy radiated by the O7 star.

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