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arXiv 2011.07772astro-ph.GA
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具有UV辐射反馈的巨分子云的恒星形成效率和色散:对引力有界性和磁场的依赖

Star Formation Efficiency and Dispersal of Giant Molecular Clouds with UV Radiation Feedback: Dependence on Gravitational Boundedness and Magnetic Fields

Jeong-Gyu Kim, Eve C. Ostriker, Nina Filippova

摘要:

分子云由湍流和磁场支撑,但量化它们对云生命周期和恒星形成效率(SFE)的影响仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。我们进行辐射MHD模拟恒星形成的巨分子云(GMC)与紫外辐射反馈,其中通过射线追踪的紫外辐射的传播耦合到氢的光化学。我们考虑了10个GMC模型,这些模型的初始维里参数($1\leα_{v,0}\le 5$)或无量纲质磁比(0.5-8和$\infty$)不同;初始质量$10^5M_{\odot}$和半径20 pc是固定的。每个模型运行五个不同的初始湍流实现。在大多数模型中,恒星形成的持续时间和分子气体移除的时间尺度(主要是通过光蒸发)是400 - 800万年。强湍流和磁场均降低了最终SFE($ε_*$)和每自由落体时间的时间平均SFE($ε_{ff}$)。中位$ε_*$范围为2.1%至9.5%。$ε_{ff}$的中位数范围在1.0%和8.0%之间,并且与$α_{v,0}$相关,与先前的分析理论和模拟定性一致。然而,时间依赖的$α_{v}(t)$和$ε_{ff,obs}(t)$的基础上的瞬时气体性质和集群光度的正相关,由于快速的演变,使恒星形成理论的观测验证困难。我们的中位$ε_{ff,obs}(t)\approx$ 2%与观察值相似。我们发现,传统的维里参数估计的真正的引力有界性平均在2倍之内,但忽略磁支持和速度各向异性有时会产生很大的偏差。磁次临界GMC不太可能代表大质量恒星形成的地点,因为它们不切实际的柱状流出,寿命延长,辐射逃逸率低。

英文摘要:

Molecular clouds are supported by turbulence and magnetic fields, but quantifying their influence on cloud lifecycle and star formation efficiency (SFE) remains an open question. We perform radiation MHD simulations of star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with UV radiation feedback, in which the propagation of UV radiation via ray-tracing is coupled to hydrogen photochemistry. We consider 10 GMC models that vary in either initial virial parameter ($1\leα_{v,0}\le 5$) or dimensionless mass-to-magnetic flux ratio (0.5-8 and $\infty$); the initial mass $10^5M_{\odot}$ and radius 20pc are fixed. Each model is run with five different initial turbulence realizations. In most models, the duration of star formation and the timescale for molecular gas removal (primarily by photoevaporation) are 4-8Myr. Both the final SFE ($ε_*$) and time-averaged SFE per freefall time ($ε_{ff}$) are reduced by strong turbulence and magnetic fields. The median $ε_*$ ranges between 2.1% and 9.5%. The median $ε_{ff}$ ranges between 1.0% and 8.0% and anticorrelates with $α_{v,0}$, in qualitative agreement with previous analytic theory and simulations. However, the time-dependent $α_{v}(t)$ and $ε_{ff,obs}(t)$ based on instantaneous gas properties and cluster luminosity are positively correlated due to rapid evolution, making observational validation of star formation theory difficult. Our median $ε_{ff,obs}(t)\approx$ 2% is similar to observed values. We show that the traditional virial parameter estimates the true gravitational boundedness within a factor of 2 on average, but neglect of magnetic support and velocity anisotropy can sometimes produce large departures. Magnetically subcritical GMCs are unlikely to represent sites of massive star formation given their unrealistic columnar outflows, prolonged lifetime, and low escape fraction of radiation.

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