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arXiv 1809.08348astro-ph.GA
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分子云恒星形成效率变化的本质

On The Nature of Variations in the Measured Star Formation Efficiency of Molecular Clouds

Michael Y. Grudić, Philip F. Hopkins, Eve J. Lee, Norman Murray, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, L. Clifton Johnson

摘要:

对银河系巨分子云(GMC)的恒星形成效率(SFE)的测量通常显示出较大的散射,这可能是内在的或观测的。我们使用磁流体动力学模拟的GMC(包括反馈)的正演模型的真实GMC SFE和观测代理之间的关系。我们发现,个别GMCs跟踪广泛范围内观察到的SFE整个崩溃,恒星形成和中断。低测量的SFE(<<1%)是“真实的”,但对应于早期阶段,大多数恒星实际形成的真正的“自由落体”SFE可能要大得多。非常高(>>10%)的值通常通过快速气体分散而人为提高。包括恒星反馈的模拟重现了观测到的GMC尺度的SFE,但没有反馈的模拟产生了20倍大的SFE。辐射反馈在模拟的机制中占主导地位。SFE与云质量的关系被证明是一个观测伪影。我们还探讨了GMCs内的个别密集的“团块”,并表明(反馈)它们的散装性能与观测结果一致。预测的致密团块内的SFE比观测到的大2倍,可能表明需要物理学而不是来自大质量(主序星)恒星的反馈来调节它们的坍缩。

英文摘要:

Measurements of the star formation efficiency (SFE) of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Milky Way generally show a large scatter, which could be intrinsic or observational. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations of GMCs (including feedback) to forward-model the relationship between the true GMC SFE and observational proxies. We show that individual GMCs trace broad ranges of observed SFE throughout collapse, star formation, and disruption. Low measured SFEs (<<1%) are "real" but correspond to early stages, the true "per-freefall" SFE where most stars actually form can be much larger. Very high (>>10%) values are often artificially enhanced by rapid gas dispersal. Simulations including stellar feedback reproduce observed GMC-scale SFEs, but simulations without feedback produce 20x larger SFEs. Radiative feedback dominates among mechanisms simulated. An anticorrelation of SFE with cloud mass is shown to be an observational artifact. We also explore individual dense "clumps" within GMCs and show that (with feedback) their bulk properties agree well with observations. Predicted SFEs within the dense clumps are ~2x larger than observed, possibly indicating physics other than feedback from massive (main sequence) stars is needed to regulate their collapse.

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