I Zwicky 1外流的多时期X射线故事
The multi-epoch X-ray tale of I Zwicky 1 outflows
摘要：
窄线塞弗特1星系I Zwicky 1显示了一个独特而复杂系统，它由超高速风和双组分暖吸收体组成。在过去的二十年里，XMM-牛顿多次监测源，使各种流出的长期变化的研究。与电离源处于光电离平衡的等离子体响应于电离光度的任何变化并相应地变化。然而，过去的RGS数据的详细建模显示，等离子体电离状态和电离连续体之间没有相关性，揭示了复杂的多相温吸收剂的长期变化。在这里，我们提出了XMM-牛顿在2020年初对I Zwicky 1的新观测，其特征是较低的X射线通量状态。来自RGS的软X射线光谱揭示了具有$\log ξ\sim -1.0$和$\log ξ\sim 1.7$的热吸收体的两种组分。将我们的结果与以前的观察结果进行比较，两种吸收气体成分的电离状态不断变化，遵循相同的不可预测的行为。新的结果加强了这样一种情况，即热吸收体的电离状态是由气体的密度而不是电离光度驱动的。特别是，辐射驱动的，不均匀的cluerous外流的存在下，可以解释电离的变化，在整个岁月和线锁定N-V系统中观察到的UV波段。最后，EPIC-pn谱揭示了一个超快的风与流出速度的$\sim 0.26c$和电离参数的$\log ξ\sim 3.8$。
英文摘要：
The narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy I Zwicky 1 shows a unique and complex system of ionised gas in outflow, which consists of an ultra-fast wind and a two-component warm absorber. In the last two decades, XMM-Newton monitored the source multiple times enabling the study of the long-term variability of the various outflows. Plasma in photoionisation equilibrium with the ionising source responds and varies accordingly to any change of the ionising luminosity. However, detailed modelling of the past RGS data has shown no correlation between the plasma ionisation state and the ionising continuum, revealing a complex long-term variability of the multi-phase warm absorber. Here, we present a new observation of I Zwicky 1 by XMM-Newton taken in early 2020 characterised by a lower X-ray flux state. The soft X-ray spectrum from the RGS reveals the two components of the warm absorber with $\log ξ\sim -1.0$ and $\log ξ\sim 1.7$. Comparing our results with the previous observations, the ionisation state of the two absorbing gas components is continuously changing, following the same unpredictable behaviour. The new results strengthen the scenario in which the ionisation state of the warm absorber is driven by the density of the gas rather than the ionising luminosity. In particular, the presence of a radiation driven, inhomogeneous clumpy outflow may explain both the variability in ionisation throughout the years and the line-locked N V system observed in the UV band. Finally, the EPIC-pn spectrum reveals an ultra-fast wind with an outflow velocity of $\sim 0.26c$ and ionisation parameter of $\log ξ\sim 3.8$.
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