arXiv 1206.54742012-06hep-phhep-exnucl-th

强子的弹性散射

Elastic scattering of hadrons

I. M. Dremin

备注：: 72 pages, 11 Figures; modified Physics-Uspekhi 56 (2013) 3
DOI：: 10.3367/UFNe.0183.201301a.0003

摘要：

高能强子的碰撞要么产生新的粒子，要么弹性散射，它们的量子数保持不变，不产生其他粒子。我们在这里考虑后一种情况。虽然非弹性过程在高能量下占主导地位，但弹性散射对总截面的贡献相当大（18-25%）。它的份额首先减少，然后在更高的能量增加。小角散射在所有能量下普遍存在。一些特征被认为是提供信息的碰撞粒子的几何结构和相关的动力学机制。小角度下的陡峭高斯峰之后是具有一些肩部和凹陷的指数（Orear）状态，然后是幂律下降。从各种理论方法的结果与实验数据进行了比较。声称描述这一过程的唯象模型进行了审查。么正性条件预测的指数下降的微分截面与一个额外的子结构之间发生的低动量转移衍射锥和幂律，硬部分子散射制度下的高动量转移。在极小的角度下，库仑和核部分振幅的干涉数据提供了前向散射核振幅的实部值。本文还讨论了非前向转移动量时弹性散射振幅的实部和非弹性过程对振幅虚部的贡献（即所谓的重叠函数）。微分截面的标度行为的相关问题被认为是。最高动量转移的幂律制度进行了简要描述。

英文摘要：

Colliding high energy hadrons either produce new particles or scatter elastically with their quantum numbers conserved and no other particles produced. We consider the latter case here. Although inelastic processes dominate at high energies, elastic scattering contributes considerably (18-25%) to the total cross section. Its share first decreases and then increases at higher energies. Small-angle scattering prevails at all energies. Some characteristic features are seen that provide informationon the geometrical structure of the colliding particles and the relevant dynamical mechanisms. The steep Gaussian peak at small angles is followed by the exponential (Orear) regime with some shoulders and dips, and then by a power-law drop. Results from various theoretical approaches are compared with experimental data. Phenomenological models claiming to describe this process are reviewed. The unitarity condition predicts an exponential fall for the differential cross section with an additional substructure to occur exactly between the low momentum transfer diffraction cone and a power-law, hard parton scattering regime under high momentum transfer. Data on the interference of the Coulomb and nuclear parts of amplitudes at extremely small angles provide the value of the real part of the forward scattering nuclear amplitude. The real part of the elastic scattering amplitude and the contribution of inelastic processes to the imaginary part of this amplitude (the so-called overlap function) at nonforward transferred momenta are also discussed. Problems related to the scaling behavior of the differential cross section are considered. The power-law regime at highest momentum transfer is briefly described.

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摘要：

英文摘要：

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