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arXiv 1206.3173astro-ph.SR
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异常弱太阳对流

Anomalously Weak Solar Convection

Shravan Hanasoge, Thomas L. Duvall, Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

摘要:

太阳内部的对流被认为包括一系列尺度上的结构。这一结论来自现象学研究和数值模拟,尽管两者都没有涵盖太阳对流动力学参数的适当范围。在这里,我们分析了观测的波场在太阳光球使用的时间距离日震成像流在太阳内部的技术。我们对9000亿个波场观测值进行下采样和合成,以产生30亿个互相关,我们对它们进行平均和拟合,测量500万个波的传播时间。使用这些旅行时间,我们推导出底层的流系统,并研究其统计绑定对流速度大小在太阳内部,作为深度和球谐度$\ell$的函数。在波数带$\ell<60$内,对流速度比目前的理论估计弱20-100倍。这表明,与现有模型预测的湍流模式不同的湍流模式普遍存在,这引发了一个问题:什么机制将太阳光度的热通量向外传输?平流主要由波数$\ell<60$的科氏力控制,而在$r/R_\odot=0.96$的Rossby数小于$\sim10^{-2}$,这表明太阳可能是一个比以前认为的更快的自转体,大尺度对流可能是准地转的。太阳的等自转轮廓线与自转轴并不一致,这一事实表明存在纬度熵梯度。

英文摘要:

Convection in the solar interior is thought to comprise structures on a spectrum of scales. This conclusion emerges from phenomenological studies and numerical simulations, though neither covers the proper range of dynamical parameters of solar convection. Here, we analyze observations of the wavefield in the solar photosphere using techniques of time-distance helioseismology to image flows in the solar interior. We downsample and synthesize 900 billion wavefield observations to produce 3 billion cross-correlations, which we average and fit, measuring 5 million wave travel times. Using these travel times, we deduce the underlying flow systems and study their statistics to bound convective velocity magnitudes in the solar interior, as a function of depth and spherical-harmonic degree $\ell$. Within the wavenumber band $\ell<60$, Convective velocities are 20-100 times weaker than current theoretical estimates. This suggests the prevalence of a different paradigm of turbulence from that predicted by existing models, prompting the question: what mechanism transports the heat flux of a solar luminosity outwards? Advection is dominated by Coriolis forces for wavenumbers $\ell<60$, with Rossby numbers smaller than $\sim10^{-2}$ at $r/R_\odot=0.96$, suggesting that the Sun may be a much faster rotator than previously thought, and that large-scale convection may be quasi-geostrophic. The fact that iso-rotation contours in the Sun are not co-aligned with the axis of rotation suggests the presence of a latitudinal entropy gradient.

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