强磁场中QCDxQED真空的自发电磁超导电性和超流性
Spontaneous electromagnetic superconductivity and superfluidity of QCDxQED vacuum in strong magnetic field
摘要：
最近的研究表明，在足够强的磁场背景下，由于强磁场力和电磁力的相互作用，真空可能成为电磁超导体。真空的QCDxQED扇区的超导基态与携带带电ρ介子的量子数的夸克-反夸克凝聚体的磁场辅助出现有关（即，由最轻的，u和d，夸克和反夸克组成的带电矢量粒子）。在这里，我们证明，这种奇异的电磁超导真空也伴随着更奇异的超流性的中性ρ介子。超流成分--尽管是电中性的--结果对外部电场敏感，因为超流可以通过沿磁场轴的测试背景电场进行弹道加速。在基态，超导和超流分量都是横向（相对于磁场的轴）空间坐标的非均匀周期函数。基态的超导部分类似于II型超导体中的Abrikosov基态：超导凝聚体以具有等边三角形晶格对称性的周期性结构组织自身。每个基本晶格单元包含一个弦状的拓扑缺陷（超导体涡旋）的荷电ρ凝聚体，以及三个超流涡旋和三个超流反涡的中性ρ凝聚体。超导体和超流涡旋晶格的叠加具有复杂的“万花筒”模式。
英文摘要：
It was recently shown that the vacuum in the background of a strong enough magnetic field may become an electromagnetic superconductor due to interplay between strong and electromagnetic forces. The superconducting ground state of the QCDxQED sector of the vacuum is associated with magnetic-field-assisted emergence of quark-antiquark condensates which carry quantum numbers of charged rho mesons (i.e., of electrically charged vector particles made of lightest, u and d, quarks and antiquarks). Here we demonstrate that this exotic electromagnetic superconductivity of vacuum is also accompanied by even more exotic superfluidity of the neutral rho mesons. The superfluid component -- despite being electrically neutral -- turns out to be sensitive to an external electric field as the superfluid may ballistically be accelerated by a test background electric field along the magnetic-field axis. In the ground state both superconducting and superfluid components are inhomogeneous periodic functions of the transversal (with respect to the axis of the magnetic field) spatial coordinates. The superconducting part of the ground state resembles an Abrikosov ground state in a type-II superconductor: the superconducting condensate organizes itself in periodic structure which possesses the symmetry of an equilateral triangular lattice. Each elementary lattice cell contains a stringlike topological defect (superconductor vortex) in the charged rho condensates as well as three superfluid vortices and three superfluid antivortices made of the neutral rho condensate. The superposition of the superconductor and superfluid vortex lattices has a complicated "kaleidoscopic" pattern.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
