庞加莱的电子动力学-相对论？
Poincaré's Dynamics of the Electron - A Theory of Relativity?
摘要：
在1905年之前，庞加莱强调了时钟及其同步方法的重要性，但与爱因斯坦不同的是，磁铁和导体（洛伦兹理论中关于法拉第感应的解释的不对称性）或追逐光束并超越它，对他来说并不是一个非常关心的问题。庞加莱在1905年阐述了洛伦兹的电子理论从1904年在两篇论文题为“南方香格里拉dynamique德L '电子”。1905年5月，他给洛伦兹写了三封信，与此同时，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在1905年5月给康拉德·哈比希特写了一封著名的信：“我可以向你承诺四部作品作为回报，[...]第四篇论文在这一点上只是一个粗略的草稿，是一个运动物体的电动力学。在1905年5月写给洛仑兹·庞加莱的信中，他提出了1905年电子动力学的基本方程。因此，在1905年5月，庞加莱和爱因斯坦都有关于相对性原理的论文草稿。庞加莱的草案导致了一个时空数学理论的群体在其基础上站在相对论的假设，和爱因斯坦的草案导致了相对论的运动学理论。庞加莱并没有放弃以太。他写了一个新的速度相加定律，但他并没有放弃牛顿运动学中关于时间、时间性和空间测量性质的默认假设。虽然他质疑绝对时间和绝对时间性，但他并没有对空间和时间做出新的运动学上的默认假设。他也没有要求现象的相互作用，因此没有发现同时性的相对性：这些是爱因斯坦狭义相对论的主要标志。然而，正如其他作家所示，庞加莱的理论影响了后来的科学家，特别是赫尔曼闵可夫斯基。
英文摘要：
Before 1905, Poincaré stressed the importance of the method of clocks and their synchronization, but unlike Einstein, magnet and conductor (asymmetries in Lorentz's theory regarding the explanation of Faraday's induction) or chasing a light beam and overtaking it, were not a matter of great concern for him. In 1905 Poincaré elaborated Lorentz's electron theory from 1904 in two papers entitled "Sur la dynamique de l'electron". In May 1905 he sent three letters to Lorentz at the same time that Albert Einstein wrote his famous May 1905 letter to Conrad Habicht: "I can promise you in return four works,[...] The fourth paper is only a rough draft at this point, and is an electrodynamics of moving bodies". In the May 1905 letters to Lorentz Poincaré presented the basic equations of his 1905 Dynamics of the Electron. Hence, in May 1905, Poincaré and Einstein both had drafts of papers pertaining to the principle of relativity. Poincaré's draft led to a space-time mathematical theory of groups at the basis of which stood the postulate of relativity, and Einstein's draft led to a kinematical theory of relativity. Poincaré did not renounce the ether. He wrote a new law of addition of velocities, but he did not abandon the tacit assumptions made about the nature of time, simultaneity, and space measurements implicit in Newtonian kinematics. Although he questioned absolute time and absolute simultaneity, he did not make new kinematical tacit assumptions about space and time. He also did not require reciprocity of the appearances, and therefore did not discover relativity of simultaneity: these are the main hallmarks of Einstein's special theory of relativity. Nevertheless, as shown by other writers, Poincaré's theory had influenced later scientists especially Hermann Minkowski.
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