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arXiv 1204.2007astro-ph.COgr-qc
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宇宙学和各种参数化下宇宙状态方程的约束

Cosmography and constraints on the equation of state of the Universe in various parametrizations

Alejandro Aviles, Christine Gruber, Orlando Luongo, Hernando Quevedo

摘要:

我们使用宇宙学来呈现对宇宙运动学的约束,而不假设任何潜在的理论模型。为此,我们使用蒙特卡罗马尔可夫链分析进行比较超新星Ia联盟2编译,结合哈勃太空望远镜测量的哈勃常数,和哈勃参数数据集。我们引入一个六阶宇宙学参数,并表明它并没有显着扩大后验分布相比,五阶的结果。我们还提出了一种方法来构建可行的参数变量作为替代的红移$z$。这些可以克服与使用$z$相关的发散和缺乏准确性的问题。此外,我们表明,它是可能的,以提高数值拟合重新参数化的宇宙学距离。此外,我们约束宇宙的状态方程作为一个整体的宇宙学的使用。因此,我们导出的表达式,可以直接用于拟合状态方程和压力导数高达四阶。为此,有必要脱离纯粹的宇宙学分析,并假设弗里德曼方程是有效的。我们所有的结果都与$Λ$ CDM模型一致,尽管其他流体模型,几乎恒定的压力和没有宇宙学常数,匹配的结果准确。

英文摘要:

We use cosmography to present constraints on the kinematics of the Universe, without postulating any underlying theoretical model. To this end, we use a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis to perform comparisons to the supernova Ia Union 2 compilation, combined with the Hubble Space Telescope measurements of the Hubble constant, and the Hubble parameter datasets. We introduce a sixth order cosmographic parameter and show that it does not enlarge considerably the posterior distribution when comparing to the fifth order results. We also propose a way to construct viable parameter variables to be used as alternatives of the redshift $z$. These can overcome both the problems of divergence and lack of accuracy associated with the use of $z$. Moreover, we show that it is possible to improve the numerical fits by re-parameterizing the cosmological distances. In addition, we constrain the equation of state of the Universe as a whole by the use of cosmography. Thus, we derive expressions which can be directly used to fit the equation of state and the pressure derivatives up to fourth order. To this end, it is necessary to depart from a pure cosmographic analysis and to assume the Friedmann equations as valid. All our results are consistent with the $Λ$CDM model, although alternative fluid models, with nearly constant pressure and no cosmological constant, match the results accurately as well.

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