We present new theoretical and empirical results on the probability distributions of species persistence times in natural ecosystems. Persistence times, defined as the timespans occurring between species' colonization and local extinction in a given geographic region, are empirically estimated from local observations of species' presence/absence. A connected sampling problem is presented, generalized and solved analytically. Species persistence is shown to provide a direct connection with key spatial macroecological patterns like species-area and endemics-area relationships. Our empirical analysis pertains to two different ecosystems and taxa: a herbaceous plant community and a estuarine fish database. Despite the substantial differences in ecological interactions and spatial scales, we confirm earlier evidence on the general properties of the scaling of persistence times, including the predicted effects of the structure of the spatial interaction network. The framework tested here allows to investigate directly nature and extent of spatial effects in the context of ecosystem dynamics. The notable coherence between spatial and temporal macroecological patterns, theoretically derived and empirically verified, is suggested to underlie general features of the dynamic evolution of ecosystems.
Persistence in Stochastic Lotka--Volterra food chains with intraspecific competition
本文研究了随机环境下一类简单的Lotka-Volterra食物链的演化问题。它可以被看作是Hening和Nguyen(J. of Math. Biol.'18)的配套论文,其中我们在假设捕食者之间没有种内竞争的情况下描述了这种食物链的持久性和灭绝。在目前的文件中,我们专注于当所有物种的经验内竞争的情况下。我们分析的食物链由一个猎物和$n-1$捕食者组成。$j$第一种捕食者吃掉$j-1$第一种,然后被$j+1$第一种捕食者吃掉;这样,每个物种最多只与两个其他物种相互作用--在营养链中,这些物种直接位于它的上方或下方。我们表明,一个可以分类,基于入侵率的捕食者(我们可以确定通过算法的系统的相互作用系数),物种灭绝,收敛到他们独特的不变概率测度。我们得到更强的结果比在没有种内竞争的情况下,因为在这种情况下,我们可以利用的一般结果的Hening和Nguyen(Ann.的应用概率)。与文献中的大多数结果不同,我们对非退化和退化噪声进行了深入分析。我们展示我们的一般结果,通过分析植物-食草动物-捕食系统中的营养级联,并提供持久性/灭绝的食物链长度$n\leq 3$的标准。
Metacommunity persistence on spatially heterogeneous landscapes
Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse(图卢兹大学,法国国立应用科学学院);CNRS, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse(法国国家科学研究中心,图卢兹数学研究所);École polytechnique(巴黎综合理工学院);Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);UPC(巴黎高科国立高等矿业电信学院联盟);UPEC(巴黎第十一大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);IRD(法国国家科研中心);INRA(法国国家农业食品与环境研究院);Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, IEES(生态与环境科学研究所)
Range residency determines how movement persistence shapes encounter rates
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)(亥姆霍兹德累斯顿-罗斯多夫中心);Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz(美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学);TUD Dresden University of Technology(德累斯顿工业大学);Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ(亥姆霍兹环境研究中心);University of Maryland(马里兰大学);ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research & Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP(国际理论物理研究所南美基础研究院及理论物理研究所,圣保罗州立大学);University of São Paulo(圣保罗大学)
Self-organized vegetation patterns promote persistence of plant-pollinator mutualisms under environmental stress
Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)(先进系统理解中心);Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)(德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心);Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba(帕拉伊巴联邦大学物理系);ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research & Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP(国际理论物理研究所南美基础研究院与理论物理研究所,圣保罗州立大学);Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo(圣保罗大学生物科学学院生态学系)
Dispersal diversity buffers species vulnerability to local extinction
University of Padova(帕多瓦大学);National Biodiversity Future Center(国家生物多样性未来中心);The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(阿卜杜斯·萨拉姆国际理论物理中心);University of Lausanne(洛桑大学);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);CMCC Foundation, Euro Mediterranean Center on Climate Change(欧洲地中海气候变化中心基金会);École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(洛桑联邦理工学院)